The potential contribution of stress-induced bacterial translocation to the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and brain biogenic amines was assessed. Mice were restrained for various periods, and brain concentrations of tryptophan, catecholamines, serotonin, and their metabolites, plasma corticosterone, and the translocation of viable bacteria from the gastrointe...

Bacterial type IV secretion systems are macromolecule transporters with essential functions for horizontal gene transfer and for symbiotic and pathogenic interactions with eukaryotic host cells. Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of type B gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, uses the Cag type IV secretion system to injec...

BACKGROUND Nucleoside-nucleotide mixture has been shown to improve gut morphology and reduce the incidence of bacterial translocation in protein deficient mice. AIMS To compare the reparative effect of nucleoside-nucleotide mixture and their individual components on maintenance of gut integrity and bacterial translocation based on their differential metabolism and utilisation. METHODS ICR (...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are endowed with the unique capacity to raise an adaptive response environmental cues. This allows MSCs control their direct neighbourhood and endogenous tissue niche. Upon exposure of infection mimicking lipopolysaccharide (LPS), completely shift transcriptome release neutrophil activating chemokines. The LPS induced transcriptomic resulted in a significant increa...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The colonic epithelium plays a key role in host defence. During colitis, epithelial function is impaired, leading to elevated bacterial translocation and exacerbation of inflammation. We previously documented perturbation of epithelial function, in terms of secretion and as a barrier to bacterial translocation, that persisted long after resolution of a bout of colitis in the...

Background and aims: The colonic epithelium plays a key role in host defence. During colitis, epithelial function is impaired, leading to elevated bacterial translocation and exacerbation of inflammation. We previously documented perturbation of epithelial function, in terms of secretion and as a barrier to bacterial translocation, that persisted long after resolution of a bout of colitis in th...

The human pathogen Coxiella burnetii encodes a type IV secretion system called Dot/Icm that is essential for intracellular replication. The Dot/Icm system delivers bacterial effector proteins into the host cytosol during infection. The effector proteins delivered by C. burnetii are predicted to have important functions during infection, but when these proteins are needed during infection has no...