In many real-world situations, performers always adopt different energy levels (strategies) to participate. Different from pre-existing results, this paper is devoted proposing several generalized power outputs of the marginal index, Banzhaf–Coleman and Banzhaf–Owen respectively, by assigning all performers. Since these extended may not be efficacious, we further define efficacious extensions o...

Business cycles in emerging market economies are systematically associated with countercyclical changes in their country spreads: namely, in bad times, countries borrow less at higher spread and default more frequently. To examine this prominent aspect of emerging countries, I develop a small open economy model of sovereign default in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium setting. In this mo...

We propose simple generic constructions of succinct functional encryption. Our key tool is exponentially-efficient indistinguishability obfuscator (XIO),which is the same as indistinguishability obfuscator (IO) except that the size of an obfuscated circuit (or the running-time of an obfuscator) is slightly smaller than that of a brute-force canonicalizer that outputs the entire truth table of a...

The Assessment of Estuarine Trophic Status (ASSETS) screening model has been extended to allow its application to both estuarine and coastal systems. The model, which combines elements of pressure, state and response, was tested on four systems: Maryland Coastal Bays and Long Island Sound in the United States and The Firth of Clyde (Scotland) and Tagus Estuary (Portugal) in the European Union. ...