Ships' ballast water can carry aquatic organisms into foreign ecosystems. In our previous studies, a concept using ion exchange membrane electrolysis to treat ballast water has been proven. In addition to other substantial approaches, a new strategy for inactivating algae is proposed based on the developed ballast water treatment system. In the new strategy, the means of multi-trial injection w...

The demand of efficient lighting is increasing day by day. The efficient lighting includes maximum efficacy of light as well as maximum utilization of energy by improving the power factor with less complexity. The discharge lamps with high frequency electronic ballasts are used for maximum efficient lighting. The power factor of the ballast which is used in fluorescent lamp circuit should be in...

Successful biological invasion requires introduction of a viable population of a nonindigenous species (NIS). Rarely have ecologists assessed changes in populations while entrained in invasion pathways. Here, we investigate how zooplankton communities resident in ballast water change during transoceanic voyages. We used next-generation sequencing technology to sequence a nuclear small subunit r...

We assessed changes in the microbial communities in ballast water during a trans-Pacific voyage from Japan to Australia that included a mid-ocean ballast-water exchange. Uncultured (i.e., total) and culturable bacteria were counted and were characterized by using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). There was a clear decrease over time in numbers of uncultured microorganisms, except ...

Based on the analysis of operation principles of conventional self-exciting electronic ballast, the cause of high switching loss has been researched. In order to reduce switch temperature and increase the reliability of the whole circuit, drive circuit of self-exciting electronic ballast has been improved to achieve soft switch. Circuit simulations and experimental results are coincided with th...

A ballasted railway track system comprises several components among which steel rails, rail fasteners, timber, steel or concrete sleepers, granular ballast, sub-ballast, and subgrade materials are the main parts. Railway track systems are constructed to provide a smooth and safe running surface for passenger or freight trains. They are designed to sustain the force of lateral, longitudinal and ...

The operation of the carbon cycle forms an important part of the processes relevant to future changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide. The balance of carbon between terrestrial and oceanic reservoirs is an important factor and here we focus in particular on the oceans. Future changes in the carbon cycle that may affect air-sea partitioning of CO(2) are difficult to quantify but the palaeoceanogra...

Ballast water in ships is an important contributor to the secondary spread of invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Here, we use a model previously created to determine the role ballast water management has played in the secondary spread of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) to identify the future spread of one current and two potential invasive species in the Great Lakes, the ...

Structural motifs encapsulate local sequence-structure-function relationships characteristic of related proteins, enabling the prediction of functional characteristics of new proteins, providing molecular-level insights into how those functions are performed, and supporting the development of variants specifically maintaining or perturbing function in concert with other properties. Numerous com...

Nowadays seas and oceans are exposed to serious threats such as land-based sources of marine pollution, the overexploitation of living marine resources, the physical alteration or destruction of the marine habitat and the horizontal transfer of marine species to new environments in ballast water. When marine species are introduced into new environments and the living conditions there are favora...