An understanding of rates and mechanisms of incision and knickpoint retreat in bedrock rivers is fundamental to perceptions of landscape response to external drivers, yet only sparse field data are available. Here we present eye witness accounts and quantitative surveys of rapid, amphitheatre-headed gorge formation in unweathered granite from the overtopping of a rock-cut dam spillway by small-...

BACKGROUND Co-curricular experiences provide an opportunity for learning outside of a university classroom. A co-curricular retreat was developed to engage students, faculty, and staff in learning about social justice. Through guided activities and deep discussions, participants explored privileged and oppressed identities in a safe environment. METHOD Pre- and postsurveys were collected. Qua...

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most common lower extremity conditions seen in orthopaedic practice. The mission of the second International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat was to bring together scientists and clinicians from around the world who are conducting research aimed at understanding the factors that contribute to the development and, consequently, the treatment of PFP. Th...

The rate of bank retreat was measured using erosion pins on the alluvial banks rivers in Podhale region (the boundary zone between Central and Outer Carpathians) during hydrological year 2013/2014. During winter half-year (November–April), mainly caused by processes related to freezing thawing ground (swelling, creep, downfall). summer (May–October), fluvial mass movements such as lateral erosi...