In this paper, a systematic methodology has been presented for the optimal integration of the IGCC systems with the exiting refinery infrastructure, the hydrogen network and the utility network. The proposed approach determines the new unit investment scheme for the existing refineries, as well as operational strategies of all the units in order to maximise the annual profit taking into account...

We report here a fast-photon-mode reversible handedness inversion of a self-organized helical superstructure (i.e., a cholesteric liquid crystal phase) using photoisomerizable chiral cyclic dopants. The two light-driven cyclic azobenzenophanes with axial chirality show photochemically reversible trans to cis isomerization in solution without undergoing thermal or photoinduced racemization. As c...

This paper discusses the representation of ontologies in the first-order logical environment FOLE (Kent [10]). An ontology defines the primitives with which to model the knowledge resources for a community of discourse (Gruber [6]). These primitives, consisting of classes, relationships and properties, are represented by the entity-relationshipattribute ERA data model (Chen [2]). An ontology us...

A key aspect of successfully using UML is understanding the semantics of the notations. UML 2 will increase the already substantial collection of notations supported by UML 1.x. At the same time, this will augment the difficulty users experience in understanding semantics. In this paper we propose that while the diverse notations may render concepts differently, the concepts can often be consid...

A new class of observables is introduced which aims to characterize the superstructure of an event, that is, features, such as color flow, which are not determined by the jet four-momenta alone. Traditionally, an event is described as having jets which are independent objects; each jet has some energy, size, and possible substructure such as subjets or heavy flavor content. This description dis...

PURPOSE The present study was carried out to identify how gum chewing with and without occlusal support by implant prostheses affects brain function as well as chewing function. METHODS Twenty-four subjects rehabilitated with implant-supported fixed prostheses were evaluated. An electroencephalograph (EEG) (ESA-Pro) and mandibular kinesiograph (Bio PAK(®)) wear used to measure brain function ...

A new cavity-chain layout has been proposed for the main linac of the TESLA linear collider [1]. This superstructurelayout is based upon four 7-cell superconducting standingwave cavities, coupled by short beam pipes. The main advantages of the superstructure are an increase in the active accelerating length in TESLA and a saving in rf components, especially power couplers, as compared to the pr...

PURPOSE There is much controversy about the minimum number of implants and maximum cantilever length in mandible prosthetic restoration. Finite elements analysis of three and four implant-supported prostheses was performed to determine the stresses in the superstructure, implants and cortical bone and, therefore, the failure prediction for each restoration. METHODS An edentulous mandible was ...