Abstract Using bio-inspiration allows engineers to use the knowledge implicitly built up by natural evolution. Current tools for providing with yield many biological working principles. Starting from Linnaean taxonomy, which can be seen as a design revision history, this work proposes metrics principle based on observations of that in different organisms. A first metric measures reinforcement v...

This review presents data on the chemical composition of harvest residues and food <br /> industry by-products as widely abundant representatives lignocellulosic waste biomass. Pretreatment methods, with special emphasis biological are presented an important step in utilization biomass for production sustainable biofuels high-value chemicals. Special attention was paid to methods lignin i...

The nonbiodegradable and nonrenewable nature of plastic packaging has led to a renewed interest in packaging materials based on bio-nanocomposites (biopolymer matrix reinforced with nanoparticles such as layered silicates). One of the reasons for unique properties of bio-nanocomposites is the difference in physics at nanoscale as compared to that at macroscale. Therefore, the effect of nanoscal...