BACKGROUND Increasing tobacco taxes to increase price is a proven tobacco control measure. This article investigates how smokers respond to tax and price increases in their choice of discount brand cigarettes versus premium brands. OBJECTIVE To estimate how increase in the tax rate can affect smokers' choice of discount brands versus premium brands. METHODS Using data from International Tob...

a r t i c l e i n f o Context: Price discounts are common retail promotional tools that are defined by their size and duration. Consumers possess a general schema in which they believe that retailers are motivated to associate larger price discounts with shorter durations and smaller price discounts with longer durations. However, factors influencing promotion management frequently lead retaile...

The assessment of investment projects by the net present value method presupposes that the discount rate and the project deadline are known. In literature, however, it is commonly accepted that generally the discount rate cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy. Moreover, the project deadline is generally subject to negotiations. In this paper, we develop a procedure for computing the pro...

The availability of low-cost cigarettes undermines tobacco control’s most effective measure to reduce smoking prevalence: keeping cigarette prices high by raising tobacco taxes.1 The discount cigarette market share has grown considerably since 2003,2 with discount cigarettes selling for $10-$15 less per carton than premium brands. Contraband cigarettes – cigarettes sold illegally – are even che...

What discount rate should be applied to social investments? It is standard to use the market interest rate, thereby respecting private preferences. We show that application of this “revealed preference” criterion rests on faith, not logic. It is justified only if preferences over all choices, including past choices, are time invariant. The conditions for this to be true are stringent. Under mor...

Alternative policy options available to northern Benguela fisheries managers were explored using Ecopath with Ecosim. Scenarios were tested for optimizing the discounted profit from the fisheries in the ecosystem, maximizing the jobs that can be provided by the fisheries, maximizing a measure of ecosystem status, and analyzing tradeoffs between these management options. Additionally, two differ...

We elicit measures of individual discount rates from a representative sample of the Danish population and test two substantive hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that smokers have higher individual discount rates than non-smokers. The second hypothesis is that smokers are more likely to have time inconsistent preferences than non-smokers, where time inconsistency is indicated by a hyperbolic d...