Previous research has demonstrated that prior to saccade execution visual attention is imperatively shifted towards the saccade target (e.g., Deubel & Schneider, 1996; Kowler, Anderson, Dosher, & Blaser, 1995). Typically, observers had to make a saccade according to an arrow cue and simultaneously perform a perceptual discrimination task either at the saccade endpoint or elsewhere on the screen...

In everyday experience, perceived colors of objects remain approximately constant under changes in illumination. This constancy is helpful for identifying objects across viewing conditions. Studies on color constancy often employ monitor simulations of illumination and reflectance changes. Real scenes, however, have features that might be important for color constancy but that are in general no...

Color relationalism is the view that colors are constituted in terms of relations between subjects and objects. The most historically important form of color relationalism is the classic dispositionalist view according to which, for example, red is the disposition to look red to standard observers in standard conditions (mutatis mutandis for other colors).1 However, it has become increasingly a...

In four dimensional superstring models, the gauge group normally contains extra U(1)s that are broken at a high energy scale. We show that the presence of the extra U(1)s is crucial for the phenomenological viability of string scenarios, since the contribution to the scalar masses from the D-terms can lift the unbounded from below directions that usually appear when the gauge group at high ener...

Background. The notion ‘basic color term’ (BCT) was first defined by Berlin & Kay (1969, B&K). Based on a sample of 98 spoken languages, B&K argued that languages show considerable variation in their BCT systems, but that the attested variation is constrained by a hierarchy according to which BCTs appear in a language in a predictable order. B&K identify seven stages of complexity in this hiera...

The Japanese lexicon consists of Japanese-origin words (WAGO), Chinese-origin words (KANGO) and words borrowed from English and other European languages (GAIRAIGO). The acquisition of words from three sources results in the abundance of near synonyms without any clear rules when a particular synonym should be used. Loveday has hypothesized that WAGO/KANGO and GAIRAIGO concrete nouns are used to...