Introduction: The increasing use of electromagnetic field generators in our daily life in one hand and on contradictory reports on the effects of their waves on public health on the other hand encourages scientists to do more and more research work in this field. One of the most important topics is the study of gene defect due to microwave radiation. Materials and Met...

Introduction: Hesperidin (HES), as the most abundant flavonoid existing in the citrus, is widely used by human daily. The radio-protective effects of Hesperidin have been confirmed in various measurement systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Hesperidin on the changes in the apoptosis level and expression of apoptotic genes target (bax, bcl-2 and ration of bax/bcl-2) in the periph...

The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 is overexpressed in a majority of breast cancers, and is associated with a diminished apoptotic response and resistance to various antitumor agents. Bcl-2 inhibition is currently being explored as a possible strategy for sensitizing breast cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Antisense Bcl-2 oligonucleotides represent one method for blocking the anti...

Genistein is a soy isoflavone with anti-tumor properties. Genistein-induced apoptosis involves Bcl-2 downregulation. However, overexpression of Bcl-2 in breast cancer has been associated with better prognosis and response to hormonal therapy. To examine genistein's effect on breast cancer cells with different Bcl-2 levels, we established control (MCF-7/PV) and Bcl-2 overexpressing MCF-7 (MCF-7/...

Bcl-2 is an anti-apoptotic protein with important roles in vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. Mice globally lacking Bcl-2 (Bcl-2 -/-) are small in stature and succumb to renal failure shortly after weaning as a result of renal hypoplasia/cystic dysplasia. We have shown that Bcl-2 -/- mice displayed attenuated retinal vascular development and neovascularization. In vitro studies indicated th...

We investigated apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2, mcl-1, bcl-X, and bax in histological sections from 35 malignant mesotheliomas and 21 metastatic adenocarcinomas. Moreover, the expression of bcl-2, mcl-1, bcl-X, and bax were assessed by Western blotting in nonmalignant human mesothelial cells (Met5A) and seven malignant cell lines. The apoptotic index in mesotheliomas was 1.07+/-1.14%. Pa...

Activated T cells die when antigen disappears from animals. This death is caused by proteins related to Bcl-2. Two hypotheses have been suggested to explain the actions of the different types of Bcl-2 proteins. One hypothesis suggests that, when T cells prepare to die, Bak and Bax, the proteins that actually kill activated T cells, are released from antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-...

Defects in apoptotic pathways can promote cancer cell survival and also confer resistance to antineoplastic drugs. One pathway being targeted for antineoplastic therapy is the anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, Mcl-1, Bfl1/A-1, and Bcl-B) that bind to and inactivate BH3-domain pro-apoptotic proteins. Signals transmitted by cellular damage (includi...

Overexpression of Bcl-2 in myeloma cells results in resistance to drugs such as dexamethasone (DEX), adenovirus-mediated delivery of p53 (Ad-p53), and paclitaxel (TAX), which work through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (Bcl-2-ASO) have been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells, as a single agent or, better, in combination with chemotherapy. We hypoth...