In the first movement (the presto) of Beethoven's Kreutzer Sonata there are two strongly opposing themes (positive masculine and negative feminine). Inspired by this confrontation, in his novel "The Kreutzer Sonata", Tolstoï describes the marital conflict that drives the jealous husband, Pozdnychev, to kill his wife whom he believes to be unfaithful. The murderer thinks that his wife, a pianist...

This paper studies the reasoning of non-knowledge for multiple agents. In a multi-agent environment, agents may derive knowledge from the observation that other agents do not know a fact. That means normally there does not exist a vector of maximum relations that reflect the minimum knowledge (i.e. only knowing) of all agents. In this paper, we introduce a causal relation to characterize the ap...

Laws in the Miranda programming language provide a means of implementing non-free algebraic types, by means of term rewriting. In this paper we investigate program veri cation in such a context. Speci cally, we look at how to deduce properties of functions over these `lawful' types. After examining the general problem, we look at a particular class of functions, the faithful functions. For such...

We routinely form impressions of people from their faces, and these impressions sometimes contain a kernel of truth. Impressions of trustworthiness are central to interpersonal relationships, but their accuracy remains contentious. Here, we investigated whether sexual trustworthiness (faithfulness) can be accurately judged from opposite-sex strangers' faces. Women's ratings of men's unfaithfuln...

Many algorithms for inferring causality rely heavily on the faithfulness assumption. The main justification for imposing this assumption is that the set of unfaithful distributions has Lebesgue measure zero, since it can be seen as a collection of hypersurfaces in a hypercube. However, due to sampling error the faithfulness condition alone is not sufficient for statistical estimation, and stron...

The Navrongo experiment, a family planning and health project in northern Ghana, has demonstrated that an appropriately designed, community-based family planning program can produce a change in contraceptive practice that had been considered unattainable in such a setting. Simultaneously, however, evidence suggests that newly introduced family planning services and contraceptive availability ca...

Traumatic penile amputation is an uncommon surgical emergency with various etiologies. Frequently, the injury is self-inflicted by patients suffering from an acute psychotic episode [1]. However, the injury has also been described secondary to domestic violence, other criminal assaults, and accidental trauma [2-4]. Nonetheless, the incidence of traumatic penile amputation remains low, limiting ...

This paper introduces some new models of ecological inference within the context of estimation of voter transitions across elections. In particular, we assume that voters of a given party in a given occasion may be split into two latent types: faithful voters, who will certainly vote again for the same party and movers, who will reconsider their choice. Our models allow for unobserved heterogen...

People have always used tools and technologies creatively. Technology appropriation concerns on how users adopt technologies for personal purposes. In this paper, we review the appropriation literature and explicate four varieties of this concept. Then we explore these varieties in the empirical setting of a citywide network of multipurpose interactive public displays. This network was designed...

This study explores the relation between gender differences and sexuality among young Hispanic people. Eight hundred and forty young people from Spain and Mexico filled out a self-administered questionnaire about sexuality (sexual experience, sexual orientation and sexual relationships) and gender (self-identification). Men in both Spain and Mexico more commonly report the practice of masturbat...