ResearcherS used two behavioral prompts to compare increases in safety belt use: a Click It or Ticket prompt or a Flash-for-Life prompt. Participants were 1,822 unbuckled drivers exiting two student parking lots of a large university. Research assistants identified unbuckled drivers, flashed one of the two prompts, and recorded whether drivers buckled after the prompt and the drivers' facial ex...

in this research, using the modified compression field theory (mcft), a new truss based model is proposed to predict the behavior of reinforced concrete coupling beams with diagonal reinforcement. the model is able to consider the effects of shear and axial forces and bending moment, simultaneously. the proposed model includes a nonlinear shear spring, an axial spring, two inclined truss member...

The present approach for vibration suppression of flexible structures is based on friction damping in semi-active joints. At optimal locations conventional rigid connections of a large truss structure are replaced by semi-active friction joints. Two different concepts for the control of the normal forces in the friction interfaces are implemented. In the first approach each semi-active joint ha...

The paper analyses problems linked to the prediction of the frequency response of a truss composed of tubes filled with a sand assumed to have frequency dependent properties. The full order model being too large for its solution to be affordable, it is proposed to use superelements parametrized in terms of tube length and frequency dependent complex modulus of the sand. Problems addressed in th...

Abstract In this paper we focus on the adaptation to topology optimization of a previous variance-expected compliance applied to truss design. The principal objective of such a model is to find robust structures for a given main load and its perturbations. In particular we are interested in avoiding high compliance values in cases of important perturbations. In the first part, we recall the var...

Nowadays, in the industrial environment of simulation-based design, optimization has been widely applied. This article illustrates that how truss structural frequency optimization problems is being solved by interior point trust region method (IPTRM). As a possible way, primal-dual interior point method could optimize the structure by multiple centrality modifications with trust region subprobl...

1. Abstract In this paper we study concurrent material and structural optimum design of hollow plate with truss-like material based on a micropolar continua representation. The optimization formulation has two classes of design variables, relative density and local aperture distribution of truss-like material, under the given total material volume constraints. Three different objectives, which ...

The Softened Truss Model Theory applied to a prestressed concrete multiple cell box is developed in this study. In this theory, the concrete torsional problem is solved by combining equilibrium conditions, compatibility conditions and constitutive laws of materials. Up to now the theory has been applied only to the case of pure torsion with single cell section. An algorithm is presented to deal...

The nonholonomic motion planning problem is considered for a novel class of modular mobile manipulators, where each module is implemented as a planar parallel manipulator with idler wheels. This assembly is actuated by shape changes of its modules, which, under the in uence of the nonholonomic constraints on the wheels, induce a global snake{like motion of the assembly. The kinematics for a 2{ ...

The implementation of a high-level hardware verification system using Truss is presented in this paper. Teal is a C++ class library for functional verification and enables functional verification by providing connections to HDL signals and allowing actions based on changes in the HDL simulation. Truss is an implementation of an open-source verification infrastructure based on layer approach thr...