PET (positron emission tomography) is a powerful imaging technique that can provide quantitative information on the distribution of positron emitter labeled radiopharmaceuticals (PET radiopharmaceuticals) in the body. Positrons (ß+) are positively charged beta particles. They are emitted when the atom is proton rich. A positron has only a transient existence. After losing all of its kinetic ene...

Ginkgolide B, a constituent of the tree Ginkgo biloba, was radiolabeled with the beta-emitter tritium ([(3)H]) in two steps from ginkgolide C. First, a triflate precursor was prepared utilizing the selective reactivity of 7-OH in ginkgolide C; the triflate was then reduced with sodium borotritide to yield tritiated ginkgolide B ([(3)H]GB) in good yield and high specific activity. The tritiated ...

Planning for and managing radiological terrorism incidents that involve the release of radionuclides from a dirty bomb requires considering the potential lifesaving impact of protective radionuclide decorporation countermeasures (e.g., lung lavage). Lung lavage therapy could prevent deaths via the pulmonary mode (which involves radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis) by reducing the radiation dose ...

  BEBIG Ruthenium-106 ophthalmic plaques have been used for treatment of uveal melanoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma of the iris and other special applications for many years. The plaques consist of a thin film of 106Ru, a beta emitter, encapsulated in pure silver. The present work proposes a new mathematical eye model for ophthalmic brachytherapy dosimetry. This new mod...

1.1 Ionizing radiation Human exposure to ionizing radiation is a natural part of life on earth. These exposures occur every day from radiation associated with naturally occurring radionuclides in soil, air, and food, and also from cosmic rays. In addition, many people are exposed to dental and medical diagnostic procedures and therapy involving: x rays, gamma rays, charged particles, radionucli...

In the event of a dirty bomb scenario or an industrial nuclear accident, a significant dose of volatile radionuclides such as 137Cs and 90Sr may be dispersed into the atmosphere as a component of fallout and inhaled or ingested by hundreds and thousands of people. To study the effects of prolonged exposure to ingested radionuclides, we have performed long-term (30 day) internal-emitter mouse ir...

A vectorial modal method is presented based on transverse magnetic and electric mode expansion, which significantly simplifies the evaluation of operator matrix. The method, features a true open boundary condition, introduced for an orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system with specific examples circular elliptical geometries presented. We validate by considering challenging problems, such as c...

Determining the content of transuranium elements, Americium (Am), Plutonium (Pu), Neptunium (Np), and Curium (Cm) in the nuclear fuel cycle and in nuclear radioactive waste is important for both economic and human toxicity reasons. The major concern is processing the sample rapidly and quantitating these transuranium alpha emitters in the presence of 10 fold excess of beta emitting contaminants...

UNLABELLED An object-oriented software system is described for estimating internal emitter absorbed doses using a set of computer modules operating within a personal computer environment. The system is called the Radionuclide Treatment Planning and Absorbed Dose Estimation System (RTDS). It is intended for radioimmunotherapy applications, although other forms of internal emitter therapy may als...

We report InP/In0.53Ga0.47As/InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) demonstrating simultaneous 460 GHz f and 850 GHz fmax. The devices were fabricated using a triple mesa process with dry-etched, refractory metals for emitter contact formation. The devices incorporate a 35 nm thick InP emitter which enables a wet etch emitter process demonstrating 220 nm wide emitter-base juncti...