The genes involved in the oxidative pathway of choline to glycine betaine in the moderate halophile Halomonas elongata DSM 3043 were isolated by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli strain defective in glycine betaine synthesis. The cloned region was able to mediate the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine in E. coli, but not the transport of choline, indicating that the gene(s)...

Choline and betaine provide methyl groups for one-carbon metabolism. Humans obtain these nutrients from a wide range of foods. Betaine can also be synthesized endogenously from its precursor, choline. Although animal studies have implied a causal relationship between choline deficiency and carcinogenesis, the role of these two nutrients in human carcinogenesis and tumor progression is not well ...

Glycine betaine is believed to be the most active naturally occurring osmoprotectant molecule for Escherichia coli and other bacteria. It is a dipolar ion possessing a quaternary ammonimum group and a carboxylic acid group. To examine the molecular requirements for osmoprotective activity, dimethylthetin was compared with glycine betaine. Dimethylthetin is identical to glycine betaine except fo...

BACKGROUND This study was developed to establish whether betaine was present in the sweat of females and to determine any correlations with other sweat components. METHODS Sweat patches were placed on eight trained adolescent Highland dancers (age = 13.6 +/- 2.3 yr), who then participated in a dance class for 2 hours. Patches were removed, and the sweat recovered via centrifugation. The sweat...

Objective(s): The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant and methyl donor effects of betaine in cerebellum following levodopa and benserazide administration in rats. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley male rats were treated with levodopa (LD), betaine (Bet), levodopa plus betaine (LD/Bet), levodopa plus benserazide (LD/Ben), levodopa plus betaine-benserazide (LD/Bet-Ben), and t...

an in vivo experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine supplementation (betafin®) as a replacement for methionine on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. in a completely randomized design (crd) with five treatments of betaine levels (at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% in replacement for methionine) and five replicates of 10 birds/replicate, two hundred fifty-day-...

Choline, glycine betaine, and L-proline enhanced the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at high osmolarity (i.e., they acted as osmoprotectants) on various liquid and solid defined media, while an osmoprotective effect of taurine was shown only for cells growing on high-NaCl solid medium that lacked other osmoprotectants. Potassium pool levels were high, and there was little difference in levels i...

AbstractGlycine Betaine is a quaternary amino compound accumulates in stress conditions mainly abiotic stresses like drought and salinity & synthesized by the two-step oxidation of choline via the intermediate betaine aldehyde, catalyzed by Choline monooxygenase and Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). The sequence analysis of key enzyme of Glycine betaine biosynthesis i.e. BADH was carried o...