Radiol Bras. 2016 Nov/Dez;49(6):406–413 408 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-3984.2015.0190 There is a broad spectrum of diagnoses of bilateral lesions in the basal ganglia in the pediatric population. The main causes cited are hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; hypoglycemia; encephalitis; inborn errors of metabolism; water and electrolyte disturbances; carbon monoxide poisoning; and demyelinating ...

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a frequently encountered problem in the neonatal period and carries a potential risk of encephalopathy. Early detection and quantification is important, and transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) has been recommended as a non-invasive method for rapid screening. We prospectively compared the efficacy of TcB in 65 normal Pakistani jaundiced newborns undergoing simult...

Results: Dyskinesia accounts for approximately 20 percent in all types of cerebral palsy. The primary semiological features of dyskinetic cerebral palsy are voluntary motion disorders with increased involuntary movements which may show various combined symptoms such as torsion spasm, dystonia, chorea, athetosis and so on. Dyskinesia due to hypoxic ischemic brain injury and bilirubin encephalopa...

Background Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy in the neonatal period is a major cause of permanent disability. Effective screening and surveillance are essential in the newborn period to enable timely management. Noninvasive transcutaneous bilirubin devices have been successfully used for screening in many settings. We evaluated the accuracy of the Draeger JM 103 (Medical Systems, USA) for estimati...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important molecule with extensive biological functions in various cellular processes, including protection against cell injuries. However, little is known regarding the roles of NAD+ in neuronal excitation and excitotoxicity associated with many neurodegenerative disorders and diseases. Using patch-clamp recordings, we studied its potential effects...

BACKGROUND The natural history of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) without liver transplantation is not well known. AIMS To study the natural history and prognostic factors, especially the presence of ascites and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), in children with FHF. METHODS FHF was defined by the onset of encephalopathy within 12 weeks of onset of jaundice. From August 1997 to Decem...

INTRODUCTION Serum concentrations of acetaminophen are measured to predict the risk of hepatotoxicity in cases of acetaminophen overdose and to identify acetaminophen use in patients with acute liver injury without a known cause. The acetaminophen concentration determines if treatment with N-acetyl cysteine, the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning, is warranted. DESCRIPTION A 49-year-old wom...

Background: Exchange transfusion (ET) for severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH) is frequently undertaken in lowand middle-income countries (LMIC), in sharp contrast to the prevailing practice in high-income countries. However, the criteria for initiating this procedure in settings with limited resources for treating infants with SNH have not been systematically explored. Objective: To identi...