Directed evolution is a powerful method to optimize enzyme properties for application demands. Interesting targets are P450 monooxygenases which catalyze the stereo- and regiospecific hydroxylation of chemically inert C-H bonds. Synthesis employing P450s under cell-free reaction conditions is limited by low total turnover numbers, enzyme instability, low product yields and the requirement of th...

The inactivation of a redox enzyme, bilirubin oxidase (BOD), by heat and guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) was studied by two bioelectrochemical methods. One is a conventional method, which measures the inactivation of BOD in solution, and the other is a method using a BOD-immobilized electrode (a membrane/BOD/GC electrode), which measures the inactivation of BOD in the immobilized state. The res...

Due to their unique physicochemical properties, carbon nanochips (CNCs) have been used for studies of the direct electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of oxidoreductase. In this report, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with CNCs, and glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized on the modified electrode surface. Chitosan (CS) was employed to fix the GOx/CNCs tightly to the surfac...

Poor electrochemical communication between biocatalysts and electrodes is a ubiquitous limitation to bioelectrocatalysis efficiency. An extensive library of polymers has been developed modify biocatalyst-electrode interfaces alleviate this limitation. As such, conducting redox (CRPs) are versatile tool with high structural functional tunability. While charge transport in CRPs well characterized...

Introduction Silica compounds are among the most extensively studied materials, especially those prepared by the sol−gel process [13]. A wide variety of proteins can catalyze the precipitation of silica and become encapsulated as the silica matrix forms. The reaction provides an efficient method for enzyme immobilization and provides significant mechanical stability to resulting silica matrix. ...

A DNA/chitosan-Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticle bio-complex film was constructed for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on a glassy carbon electrode. HRP was simply mixed with DNA, chitosan and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, and then applied to the electrode surface to form an enzyme-incorporated polyion complex film. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface features of...