A carbon tax would penalize carbon intensive fuels like gasoline and shift fuel consumption to less carbon intensive alternatives like biofuels. Since biofuel production competes for land with agriculture, a carbon tax could raise land rents, divert land towards fuel production, and raise agricultural prices. This paper analyzes the welfare effect of a carbon tax on fuel with gasoline and biofu...

Enzyme-based biofuel cells possess several positive attributes for energy conversion, including renewable catalysts, flexibility of fuels (including renewables), and the ability to operate at room temperature. However, enzyme-based biofuel cells remain limited by short lifetimes, low power densities and inefficient oxidation of fuels. Recent advances in biofuel cell technology have addressed th...

In this study, cooperation between Stockholm’s transport and district heating sectors is analysed. The cooperation concerns the integration of biofuel polygeneration production. A MODEST optimisation model framework is used, assuming various energy market and transport sector scenarios for the year 2030. The scenarios with biofuel production and increased biofuel use in the region are compared ...

There is currently much interest in producing biofuel-based transportation fuels. However, since biofuel is a limited renewable resource, it is important to assess whether such fuels are both produced and used as efficiently as possible. Efficient production can be achieved in the future by integrated biorefinery operations at pulp mill sites, co-producing pulp and biofuel-based energy products...

Research and development efforts for biofuel production are targeted at converting plant biomass into renewable liquid fuels. Major obstacles for biofuel production include lack of biofuel crop domestication, low oil yields from crop plants as well as recalcitrance of lignocellulose to chemical and enzymatic breakdown. Researchers are expanding the genetic and genomic resources available for cr...

In 2006, the journal Biosensors and Bioelectronics published a special issue devoted exclusively to biofuel cells, including several research papers and an extensive review of the field [Bullen, R.A., Arnot, T.C., Lakeman, J.B., Walsh, F.C., 2006. Biosens. Bioelectron.]. Within this review a brief description will firstly be given of the history of biofuel cells together with coverage of some o...

1984 Methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) are emitted to the atmosphere during anaerobic processing of organic matter, and both gases have detrimental environmental eff ects. Methane conversion to biofuel production has been suggested to reduce CH4 emissions from animal manure processing systems. Th e purpose of this research is to evaluate the change in CH4 and NH3 emissions in an animal feeding op...

The temperature of the coolant is known to have significant influence on engine performance and emissions. Whereas existing literature describes the effects of coolant temperature in engines using fossil derived fuels, very few studies have investigated these effects when biofuel is used. In this study, Jatropha oil was blended separately with ethanol and butanol. It was found that the 80% jatr...

In this paper we use the CGE model DART to assess the economic impacts and optimality of the different aspects of the EU climate package. A special focus is placed on the 10% biofuel target in the EU. In particular we analyze the development in the biofuel sectors, the effects on agricultural production and prices and finally overall welfare implications. The main findings include that the EU e...