Ecological linkages between species diversity in communities and genetic diversity in populations have potential to influence the assembly of communities in habitats recovering from human disturbance, but few studies have attempted to synthesize relationships between these levels of biological organization, especially for locally adapted species. No such studies have been done in freshwater eco...

Co-occurrence patterns are used in ecology to explore interactions between organisms and environmental effects on coexistence within biological communities. Analysis of co-occurrence patterns among microbial communities has ranged from simple pairwise comparisons between all community members to direct hypothesis testing between focal species. However, co-occurrence patterns are rarely studied ...

Algal communities possess many attributes as biological indicators of spatial and temporal environmental changes. Algal parameters, especially the community structural and functional variables that have been used in biological monitoring programs, are highlighted in this document. Biological indicators like algae have only recently been included in water quality assessments in some areas of Mal...

We present a paper that combines empirical and theoretical research about the trophic organization of biological communities. Some regularities are observed in the analysis of the relationship between the trophic structure (how the species are distributed among a set of feeding groups) of a number of African large mammal communities and the type of ecosystem. Different types of ecosystems are c...

The adaptive response of soil biological nitrification to Zn and Pb was assessed using an in situ method we have developed. The method is based on reinoculating a sterilized metal contaminated soil with the same soil that is either uncontaminated or has been incubated with metal. This approach excludes the potentially confounding effects of metal aging reactions in soils. We found added Zn conc...

In the face of increasing threats to biodiversity, the advancement of methods for surveying biological communities is a major priority for ecologists. Recent advances in molecular biological technologies have made it possible to detect and sequence DNA from environmental samples (environmental DNA or eDNA); however, eDNA techniques have not yet seen widespread adoption as a routine method for b...

The biological and palaeontological communities have approached the problem of informatics separately, creating a divide between communities that is both technological and sociological in nature. In this paper we describe one new advance towards solving this problem - expanding the Scratchpads platform to deal with geological time. In creating this system we have attempted to make our work open...

The fossil record presents palaeoecological patterns of rise and fall on multiple scales of time and biological organization. Here, we argue that the rise and fall of species can result from a tragedy of the commons, wherein the pursuit of self-interests by individual agents in a larger interactive system is detrimental to the overall performance or condition of the system. Species evolving wit...

This paper presents a 15-item classification for MediaWiki Talk pages comments, associated with a new lightweight ontology that extends SIOC to represent these categories. We discuss how this ontology can enhance MediaWiki Talk pages, with RDFa, making content of such pages easier to parse and to understand.

The SIOC Ontology can be used to express information from the online community sites in a machine-readable form using RDF. This rich data structure allows us to easily analyse and extract social relations from these community sites. We use SIOC information to analyse the social relations between users through the content that they create. We introduce metrics for social neighbourhood and social...