several common approaches are used for disinfection of water in this section, but using the approaches (e.g. chlorination) are accompanied with hazardous by-products and also lead to notable changes in odor and flavor of water. gamma irradiation as an emerging method has been encouraged currently by fao/who for water, wastewater and food treatment. coliform bacteria belong to common contaminant...

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background: there are great interests in photocatalytic oxidation of contaminants using titanium dioxide in recent years. the main objective of this research was to study photocatalytic disinfection of coliform bacteria as water microbial pollution index using tio2 and a low pressure uv lamp in a batch reactor. methods: the polluted water was prepared by adding a colony of coliform in raw water...

in current work, cds/black carbon nanocomposites were successfully synthesized with the aid of chestnut and cadmium nitrate as the starting reagents. besides, the effects of preparation parameters such as reaction time, and precursor concentration on the morphology of products and removal of heavy metals (hg+2, pb+2) were studied by scanning electron microscopy images and batch adsorption mode....

background: nitrate is an acute and well-known hazardous contaminant, and its contamination of water sources has been a growing concern worldwide in recent years. this study evaluated the feasibility of nitrate removal from water using the traditional coagulants alum and ferric chloride with lower concentrations than those used in the conventional coagulation process. methods: in this research,...

There has been a lot of discussion about biological water recently. Books 1-2 and reviews 3-5 were written in the past years and a special issue of the Journal of Chemical Physics was dedicated to the topic in 2014. 6 Interestingly, papers on biological water are mostly confined to chemistry and physics journals, being remarkably rare in biological or biochemical literature. So, what is actuall...

background: the modeling aims to simulate or optimize a process in physical, chemical or biological environments and the derived model will provide a considerable assistance to generate data and predict unknown condition, in case of sufficient suitability. unsuitable disposal and elimination of waste tires have polluted the environment and human life areas, it also have caused removal of a huge...

This study investigated the occurrence and removal of 12 antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, lincomycin, novobiocin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim) at four sewage treatment plants (STPs): two STPs in Kyoto, Japan and two STPs in Beijing, China. The STPs differed in design and operation conditions, uti...

in order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels and biological fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of ajowan (carum copticum l.), a field experiment was conducted at a farm located in west azerbaijan province - city nagadeh, iran during growing season of 2012-2013. the experiment was arranged as split plot based on randomized complete block design in three repli...

The techniques of waste water treatment have reached nowadays a very advanced stage of development. As a result of the importance that must be attributed to this area, the Commission on Water Quality of IUPAC has decided to give a survey of processes which are used now. Beside the conventional mechanical and biological waste water treatment preferably flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, ev...