Trophically-transmitted parasites often change the phenotype of their intermediate hosts in ways that increase their vulnerability to definitive hosts, hence favouring transmission. As a "collateral damage", manipulated hosts can also become easy prey for non-host predators that are dead ends for the parasite, and which are supposed to play no role in transmission strategies. Interestingly, inf...

khuzestan province in the south west of iran having several seasonal and permanent lagoons which are shelter for domestic and migratory birds including, fish-eating birds. this research study was carried out to find the intestinal helminth parasites of birds in this ecosystem and evaluation of their medically importance with emphasis on heterophyid trematodes. for these reasons, the total of 37...

the purpose of this study was to investigate the status and epidemiology of intestinal parasites in iran. the information was driven from an extensive health survey which was done by the ministry of health and medical education, deputy of research affairs in 1990-92. sampling fraction was 1 per 1000 of individuals aged between 2 and 69, the sampling method was cluster sampling and each cluster ...

Many bird parasites reduce their hosts’ fitness and, as a consequence, anti-parasite behaviour such as preening and nest sanitation has evolved. These activities are time consuming and, during the day, compete directly with time devoted to foraging and food provisioning to nestlings. Moreover, infested hosts may have to allocate extra time to foraging in order to compensate for the energy loss ...

because of endemic parasitological infectious diseases in iran and contaminated vegetables, as one of the most important ways of contamination, carried out a parasitical study on 263 vegetable samples from 44 farms in the suburbs of tehran city, and also 166 vegetables samples from 20 green grocery markets in the same city. from 263 samples of farms 147 cases (65%) of contamination were recorde...

This study was performed  in second half of year 2009.For bird counting , monthly from Septamber until March 2009. Total counted birds in Maroon lake were (971). Maximum number of counted birds was in February  (191) and minimum of counted was in Septamber (95). Total counted birds in Jaizan were (385. Maximum number of the counted bird was in February (84) and minimum of counted (52) was in Ja...

This study was performed  in second half of year 2009.For bird counting , monthly from Septamber until March 2009. Total counted birds in Maroon lake were (971). Maximum number of counted birds was in February  (191) and minimum of counted was in Septamber (95). Total counted birds in Jaizan were (385. Maximum number of the counted bird was in February (84) and minimum of counted (52) was in Ja...

Toxoplasmosis is a common zoonotic parasitic disease of medical and veterinary importance worldwide, caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The study was conducted to investigate the infection rate gondii in 100 tissues samples (25/150) seropositive quail bird organs (25 brain, 25 liver, heart pectoral muscles) both sex Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (N-PCR)...

THE ECOLOGICAL QUESTION: Does cowbird brood parasitism reduce songbird numbers? WHAT STUDENTS DO: Students use a spreadsheet to compare numbers of individuals of up to 40 bird species in sites with and without cowbirds. SKILLS: Using a spreadsheet to make figures. ASSESSABLE OUTCOMES: Figure from spreadsheet data, written interpretation of data, written analysis of the published paper. The brow...