BACKGROUND The inequity in emergency obstetric care access in Tanzania is unsatisfactory. Despite an existing national obstetric referral system, many birthing women bypass referring facilities and go directly to higher-level care centres. We wanted to compare Caesarean section (CS) rates among women formally referred to a tertiary care centre versus self-referred women, and to assess the effec...

Sakuma and Imai [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 198101 (2011)] established a temperature-controlled cyclic process for model system of self-reproducing vesicles without feeding. The vesicle generates smaller inclusion called "daughter vesicle" inside the original (we call this "mother vesicle") then daughter is expelled through small pore on mother vesicle. This birthing. In present study we theoretical...

Amina, a 20 year-old woman, living in a small rural village of Morocco, is expecting her first baby. Her labour started when she was at term while her husband was far away; her mother-in-law was assisting her. After almost 24 hours of difficult labour, seeing the distress that Amina was going through, the mother-in-law called for her second son in order to help for a transfer to the nearest vil...

BACKGROUND Information is still scarce on the birthing experience of women who participate in antenatal systematic education programs. The objective of the study was to report the experience of labor as described by nulliparous women who participated and who did not in a systematic Birth Preparation Program (BPP). METHOD A qualitative study was conducted with eleven women who participated in ...