In glutaric aciduria type 1, glutaryl-coenzyme A and its derivatives are produced from intracerebral lysine and entrapped at high concentrations within the brain, where they interfere with energy metabolism. Biochemical toxicity is thought to trigger stroke-like striatal degeneration in susceptible children under 2 years of age. Here, we explore vascular derangements that might also contribute ...

The aim of the current study was to determine whether renal medullary oxygenation is independent of the level of cortical blood flow by testing responses to stimuli that selectively reduce blood flow in either the cortex or medulla. In anesthetized rabbits, renal arterial infusion of [Phe(2),Ile(3),Orn(8)]-vasopressin selectively reduced medullary perfusion and Po(2) (-54 +/- 24 and -50 +/- 10%...

Anesthesia providers have long been concerned with maintaining appropriate hemodynamics in the anesthetized patient, but more recently, the focus has shifted from arbitrary hemodynamic values (e.g. minimum blood pressure or heart rate) to tissue perfusion (i.e. the delivery of blood to various body organs and tissues). Many of the measures of tissue perfusion are indirect and non-specific (e.g....

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a clinically applicable examination method to assess perfusion of the skeletal muscle using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) analyzing replenishment kinetics of microbubbles. METHODS Power Doppler sonography (7 MHz) after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mL of a microbubble contrast agent was used to repeatedly examine the perfusion ...

Although recent high-resolution studies demonstrate the importance of nongravitational determinants for both pulmonary blood flow and ventilation distributions, posture has a clear impact on whole lung gas exchange. Deterioration in arterial oxygenation with repositioning from prone to supine posture is caused by increased heterogeneity in the distribution of ventilation-to-perfusion ratios. Th...

Asymmetrical changes in blood perfusion and asynchronous blood supply to head tissues likely contribute to migraine pathophysiology. Imaging was widely used in order to understand hemodynamic variations in migraine. However, mapping of blood pulsations in the face of migraineurs has not been performed so far. We used the Blood Pulsation Imaging (BPI) technique, which was recently developed in o...

BACKGROUND We evaluated the relation of systemic blood pressure with intraday variations in ocular perfusion pressure and intraocular pressure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in a telemedical home monitoring scenario. MATERIAL/METHODS In the project Teletonometry Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (TTMV) patients were equipped with a home monitoring system for 24-hour self-measurements of in...

Indicator dilution techniques for measuring blood flow have existed for more than 100 years. Indicators may be either intravascular, or freely diffusible. Early techniques establishing the mathematical framework for flow (the Fick principle, Kety–Schmidt method, and central volume principle) were mainly based on arterial and venous blood sampling. Tissue perfusion measured by MR techniques may ...

Adrenergic control of swimbladder blood flow was analysed in blood-perfused preparations of the European eel as well as in situ by recording the changes in swimbladder blood flow and blood pressure following an injection of catecholamine into the dorsal artery. In blood-perfused swimbladder preparations, injection of the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine into the perfusion loop caused a ma...