BACKGROUND The Indian state of Andhra Pradesh accounted for 50% diphtheria and 3% tetanus cases reported globally during 2005. During 2003-2006, there was a rising trend of diphtheria in Hyderabad, the state capital, whereas there was no major change in trend of tetanus cases. We estimated coverage of diphtheria and tetanus vaccine among children aged <or= 6 years and immunity against these dis...

The WHO recommends complete withdrawal of oral polio vaccine (OPV) type 2 by April 2016 globally and replacing with at least one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). However, high-cost, limited supply of IPV, persistent circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses transmission and need for subsequent boosters remain unresolved. To meet this critical need, a novel strategy of a low-cost col...

Skin-booster injections are popular esthetic treatments that highly sought after because they minimally invasive. They used as one of the skin rejuvenation therapies to restore healthy hydrating not only face but also neck, hands, and other regions body. Skin boosting is a revolutionary method delivering either hyaluronic acid (HA) infused with vitamins, amino acids, antioxidants or HA per se s...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluates alternative protocols in telephone counselling for smoking cessation. DESIGN The American Cancer Society enrolled 6322 clients in a randomised trial comparing three counselling formats of varying duration and frequency of contact, with or without booster sessions, and mailed self help booklets without telephone counselling. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participant...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate compliance, serologic response and the cost-benefit of a low-dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccination programme, followed by intramuscular boosters in non-responders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised a retrospective survey of 1521 health-care workers and 968 students. Response was defined as hepatitis B antibody titres > or =10 IU/L. Non-response included vaccine...

In relation to surveillance, the predominant issue discussed was universal versus sentinel enhanced surveillance of IPD. In northern Australia, it will be important for enhanced surveillance to continue and to be as complete as possible. There are a number of reasons for this. First, the high incidence and high serotype diversity of IPD in Indigenous children in these areas has prompted the rec...

Various types of plants in the surrounding environment that have medicinal properties are many can be obtained and utilized, even planted themselves, which known as family plants. This plant has begun to widely studied, especially Indonesian Native Medicinal Plants, because it relatively small side effects when compared modern medical drugs. Communities Pattallassang District generally various ...