Gender color-coding of children's toys may make certain toys more appealing or less appealing to a given gender. We observed toddlers playing with two gender-typical toys (a train, a doll), once in gender-typical colors and once in gender-atypical colors. Assessments occurred twice, at 20-40 months of age and at 26-47 months of age. A Sex × Time × Toy × Color ANOVA showed expected interactions ...

Studies suggest that children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have suboptimal body composition with higher fat mass and lower bone mass. Aim of our study was to compare body composition of Indian children with type 1 diabetes with age gender matched healthy controls. In a cross-sectional study, body composition parameters were measured by DXA (Lunar DPX PRO, Total Body Densitometer)...

Abstract Boys in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consistently and significantly underperform compared to girls across different grades subjects, forming one largest gender gaps student achievement world. offers a unique setting which boys attend separate schools on universal basis starting from grade 1. This means that are educated only by male female teachers, respectively, effect inhabiting paral...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to estimate the level of body shape dissatisfaction among a large sample of adolescent boys and girls within different weight categories. METHODS A total sample of 883 adolescents aged 12 to 16 was included from junior high schools in Taipei County, Taiwan. The Contour Drawing Rating Scale was used to assess body shape dissatisfaction. RESULTS Body shap...

BACKGROUND As the voiding habits of Iranian children differs from other children because of some cultural and religious considerations, we aimed to establish normal reference values of urinary flow rates in Iranian children between 7 to 14 years of age. METHODS Eight hundred and two uroflowmetry studies were performed on children with no history of a renal, urological, psychological or neurol...

OBJECTIVE The metabolic and cardiovascular risk of obesity is predominantly defined through the amount of intra-abdominal fat (IAF). Regarding this risk and the benefits of weight reduction gender-specific differences have been described. The aim of this study was to examine the gender-specific relationship between IAF assessed via ultrasound and the cardiometabolic risk profile in extremely ob...

Self-actualization has been studied among various occupational groups such as managers, supervisors, administrators, counselors, principles teachers and secondary school boys and girls. The objectives of the study were to find difference in self – actualization of boys and girls, boys and girls studying in 9th and 10th class, boys studying in 9th class and 10th class and girls studying in 9th a...

background: gonad shielding has been recommended during pelvic x-rays since the 1950s. the popular method of gonad shielding is placement a lead shield in the midline of the pelvis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and utility of gonad shielding in pediatrics undergoing pelvic x-rays.materials and methodsfollowing study approval, we retrospectively retrieved data from the di...

The present study examined school-based racial and gender discrimination experiences among African American adolescents in Grade 8 (n = 204 girls; n = 209 boys). A primary goal was exploring gender variation in frequency of both types of discrimination and associations of discrimination with academic and psychological functioning among girls and boys. Girls and boys did not vary in reported rac...

BACKGROUND The aims of the present study are to investigate whether there are differences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between girls and boys in two different age groups, to study how much of children's variance in HRQoL can be explained by common psychosomatic health symptoms, and to examine whether the same set of psychosomatic symptoms can explain differences in HRQoL, both betw...