Many botnets employ a method called domain fluxing for resilience. This technique strengthens the addressing layer of a botnet and allows a bot herder to dynamically provide command and control servers. For the calculation of new domains, a domain name generation algorithm (DGA) is used. In order to take actions against a domain fluxing botnet, the domain name generation algorithm has to be known.

Despite the increasing botnet threat, research in the area of botmaster traceback is limited. The four main obstacles are 1) the low-traffic nature of the bot-to-botmaster link; 2) chains of “stepping stones;” 3) the use of encryption along these chains; and 4) mixing with traffic from other bots. Most existing traceback approaches can address one or two of these issues, but no single approach ...

  Food packaging is used to maintain the safety and quality of food during distribution and storage and to protect them from adverse internal and external conditions, such as water vapor, spoilage due to microorganisms, moisture, light, and dust. In this regard, lots of research studies have been done to increase shelf life, safety, and quality to create suitable physico...

The research that we discuss in this technical report shows that mathematical models of botnet propagation dynamics are a viable means of detecting early stage botnet infections in an enterprise network, and thus an effective tool for containing those botnet infections in a timely fashion. The main idea that underlies this research is to localize weakly connected subgraphs within a graph that m...