Happiness is generally considered an emotion with only beneficial effects, particularly in childhood. However, there are some situations where the style of information processing triggered by happiness could be a liability. In particular, happiness seems to motivate a top-down processing style, which could impair performance when attention to detail is required. Indeed, in Experiment 1, 10to 11...

We design an interactive stack in the setting of stream processing functions. The design passes through a series of abstraction levels relating different views of the stack component. The external view describes the component’s input/output behaviour, the transition view captures the stepwise transitions, and the state-based view discloses the internal structure. The different descriptions can ...

An integrative hierarchical stepwise sampling strategy for spatial sampling and its application in digital soil mapping Lin Yang a , A-Xing Zhu a b , Feng Qi c , Cheng-Zhi Qin a , Baolin Li a & Tao Pei a a State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China b Department of...

Pipeline computation, in which a task is decomposed into several stages that are solved sequentially, is a common computational strategy in natural language processing. The key problem of this model is that it results in error accumulation and suffers from its inability to correct mistakes in previous stages. We develop a framework for decisions made via in pipeline models, which addresses thes...

Top-down, feedback, influences are known to have significant effects on visual information processing. Such influences are also likely to affect perceptual learning. This article employs a computational model of the cortical region interactions underlying visual perception to investigate possible influences of top-down information on learning. The results suggest that feedback could bias the wa...

A new algorithm is proposed which transforms f-structures into discourse representation structures (DRSs). Its primary features are that it works bottom up, that it is capable of translating f-structures without pre imposing any arbitrary order on the attributes occurring in i t , and that it handles indeterminacy of scoping by using sets of translations. The approach sheds light on how an effi...

How do the smallest firms in Mexico finance their operations? We examine this question using data from surveys of microenterprises undertaken in 1994 and 1998. The survey identifies sources of startup capital, and also provides information on current bank loans and access to trade credit from suppliers. There is evidence that the credit crunch experienced by Mexico in the second half of the 199...

In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that integrating symbolic top-down knowledge into text vector representations can improve neural exploratory bottom-up representations for text clustering. By extracting semantic rules from WordNet, terms with similar concepts are substituted with a more general term, the hypernym. This hypernym semantic relationship supplements the neural model in docum...

This fMRI study investigated top-down letter processing with an illusory letter detection task. Participants responded whether one of a number of different possible letters was present in a very noisy image. After initial training that became increasingly difficult, they continued to detect letters even though the images consisted of pure noise, which eliminated contamination from strong bottom...