The objective of the current study was to determine the anatomical features of the auditory ossicles inhamster. Twenty temporal bones from 10 adult hamsters, weighing 275-300 g were used. After dissectingthem, the features of the ossicles were assessed with an ocular micrometer and photographed by astereomicroscope. Finally, all data were evaluated and analysed using the Sigma Statt software. T...

Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is one the most common lethal skeletal with an incidence of in 20,000. It caused by de novo mutation fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) which turn leads to reduced proliferation and maturation plate chondrocytes. Two subtypes have been described. Type I typically features short long bones bowed femurs, while type II manifests straighter femurs cloverleaf sk...

Introduction: Stüve-Wiedemann Syndrome was first described in 1971. However, this disease considered a single entity only few years later. The syndrome is now known to be an autosomal recessive disorder which the patient has dysautonomia, bone dysplasia and respiratory distress eating disorder. Objective: To report case of girl with Stuve-Wiedemann Syndrome. Case Description: A 7-year-old femal...

The current study used video clips of bowing actions depicted by three-dimensional computer graphics. The bend angle (15 degrees and 45 degrees) and duration of the bent posture (0-4.5 seconds) were varied. In the first experiment, the participants rated their subjective impressions of the bowing actions. The bowing actions that were made at a 45 degrees angle and held for more than 1 second we...

aneurysmal bone cyst (abc) is a benign expansile bone tumor, most commonly involving the medulla of long bones. abc rarely arises within the cortex or in the subperiosteal region, radiographically mimicking other conditions, in particular surface osteosarcomathat is low-grade in nature and may go secondary abc changes, and telangiectatic osteosarcoma. both of these are sometimes mistaken micros...