background: variations of the brachial plexus are common and a better awareness of the variations is of crucial importance to achieve successful results in its surgical procedures. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the anatomical variations of the brachial plexus in adult cadavers.   methods: bilateral upper limbs of 32 fresh cadavers (21 males and 11 females) consecutively referred ...

The axillary brachial plexus block is the most widely performed upper limb block. It is relatively simple to perform and one of the safest approaches to brachial plexus block. With the advent of ultrasound technology, there is a marked improvement in the success rate of the axillary block. This review will focus on the technique of ultrasound guided axillary brachial plexus block.

Alteration in size of gingiva is one the clinical features periodontal disease. Increase gingiva, which termed as gingival enlargement or over growth a common sign disease and matter great concern. alters physiologic contour creates areas plaque accumulation, intereferes with regular oral hygiene procedures aesthetic problems. In severe cases, it interefere mastication phonation. Enlargement ma...

PURPOSE Although Radiation Therapy Oncology Group protocols have proposed a limiting dose to the brachial plexus for patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer, essentially no recommendations exist for the delineation of this structure for treatment planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS Using anatomic texts, radiologic data, and magnetic resonance imaging, a stand...

Objective—The ankle–brachial index is the ratio of the ankle and the brachial systolic blood pressure and is used to assess individuals with peripheral arterial disease. An ankle–brachial index 0.90 suggests the presence of peripheral arterial disease and is a marker of cardiovascular risk. The objective of this review is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an ankle–brachial index 0...

BACKGROUND Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) is increasingly used for the measurement of arterial stiffness. In the present study, we quantified the interrelationship between brachial-ankle and carotid-femoral PWV in a workplace population, and investigated the associations with cardiovascular risk factors and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). METHODS Brachial-ankle and carotid-fem...

Evolutionary relationships among members of the Lophophorata remain unclear. Traditionally, the Lophophorata included three phyla: Brachiopoda, Bryozoa or Ectoprocta, and Phoronida. All species in these phyla have a lophophore, which is regarded as a homologous structure of the lophophorates. Because the organization of the nervous system has been traditionally used to establish relationships a...

OBJECTIVE The ankle-brachial index is the ratio of the ankle and the brachial systolic blood pressure and is used to assess individuals with peripheral arterial disease. An ankle-brachial index <0.90 suggests the presence of peripheral arterial disease and is a marker of cardiovascular risk. The objective of this review is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of an ankle-brachial index ...

idiopathic or hereditary gingival fibromatosis (hgf) is a relatively rare disease characterized by the enlargement of the gingiva, resulting in functional, esthetics and psychological disturbances. the degree of gingival overgrowth can be defined as: grade 0: no sign of gingival enlargement; grade i: enlargement confined to interdental papilla; grade ii: enlargement involves papilla and marginal...

A 57-year-old man, who was a chronic axillary crutch user as a result of childhood poliomyelitis, was referred to our hospital because of a sudden onset of right forearm ischemia. The right forearm had no pulse, and three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) showed an aneurysm of the right brachial artery associated with arterial occlusion. The thrombosed aneurysm of the brachial artery was r...