Recent research indicates that suicide rates are elevated in those living at higher altitudes in both the United States and South Korea. A possible mechanism that was proposed is metabolic stress associated with hypoxia. This commentary discusses these results, and also the association between elevated suicide rates and other conditions associated with hypoxia (smoking, chronic obstructive pulm...

To investigate whether minocycline provides long-lasting protection against neonatal hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain injury and neurobehavioral deficits, minocycline was administered intraperitoneally in postnatal day 4 Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by exposure to hypoxia (8% oxygen for 15 min). Brain injury and myelination were examined on postnata...

Antenatal brain hypoxia-ischemia, which occurs in cerebral palsy, is considered a significant cause of motor impairments in children. The mechanisms by which antenatal hypoxia-ischemia causes brain injury and motor deficits still need to be elucidated. Tetrahydrobiopterin is an important enzyme cofactor that is necessary to produce neurotransmitters and to maintain the redox status of the brain...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exogenously administered fructose-1,6-bisphosphate reduces neuronal injury from hypoxic or ischemic brain insults. To test the hypothesis that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate prevents changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and high-energy phosphate levels, we measured [Ca2+]i, intracellular pH (pHi), and adenosine triphosphate in cultured rat cortical astrocytes and cortica...

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene deletion on the adaptive responses during prolonged moderate hypobaric hypoxia. Wild-type (WT) and COX-2 knockout (KO) mice of both genders (3 months old) were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (~0.4 ATM) or normoxia for 21 days and brain capillary densities were determined. Hematocrit was measured at different time i...

Inflammation is closely related to the extent of damage following cerebral ischaemia, and the targeting of this inflammation has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we present that hypoxia-induced glial T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein (TIM)-3 can function as a modulator that links inflammation and subsequent brain damage after ischaemia. We find that TIM-3 is highl...

The proteins CITED belong to a family of non-DNA-binding transcriptional co-regulators involved in the regulation of various transcriptional responses. Previous studies suggest that members of CITED family may function in response to hypoxia in mammals. however, the molecular and functional information on CITED genes in aquaculture fish is unclear. Here, we characterized and examined the transc...

INTRODUCTION Hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major perinatal problem that results in severe damage to the brain impairing the normal development of the auditory system. The purpose of the present study is to study the effect of perinatal asphyxia on the auditory pathway by recording auditory brain responses in a novel animal experimentation model in newborn piglets. METHOD Hypoxia-ischemia was ind...

BACKGROUND Erythropoietin (EPO), originally identified as a hematopoietic growth factor produced in the kidney and fetal liver, is also endogenously expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). EPO in the CNS, mainly produced in astrocytes, is induced under hypoxic conditions in a hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-dependent manner and plays a dominant role in neuroprotection and neurogenesis. We...

After hypoxia, a critical adverse outcome is the inability to create new memories. How anterograde amnesia develops or resolves remains elusive, but a link to brain-based IL-1 is suggested due to the vital role of IL-1 in both learning and brain injury. We examined memory formation in mice exposed to acute hypoxia. After reoxygenation, memory recall recovered faster than memory formation, impac...