To evaluate the direct effects of a barbiturate on cerebral functions without its influence on brain perfusion pressure, circulatory hormones and metabolites, the electroencephalogram (EEG) was studied in the isolated rat head. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized, and EEG electrodes were inserted into the cranium. A Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer solution containing heparinized rat whole blood,...

A 39-year-old man with advanced adult-onset Rasmussen's encephalitis was treated with prednisolone and long-term, high-dose, human intravenous immunoglobulin. A pretreatment, semiquantitative interictal brain perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan using (99)Tc(m) HMPAO (hexamethylene propylene amine oxime) showed hypoperfusion in the clinically affected right frontal,...

In this paper, we review the technique of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging of brain neoplasms, with an emphasis on its clinical applications and utility. We start with a discussion of MR perfusion techniques available today and their relative merits and shortcomings. Next, the ability of MR perfusion to provide a preoperative assessment of tumor histology is examined....

Hypotension and low cerebral perfusion pressure are known to be associated with unfavorable outcome in children and adults with traumatic brain injury. Using the database from a previously published, randomized controlled trial of 24 h of hypothermia therapy in children with severe traumatic brain injury, we compared the number of patients with hypotension or low cerebral perfusion pressure bet...

To the best of our knowledge, persistent visual symptoms, lasting months or years without evidence of infarction, a rare complication of migraine with aura, has been reported in only 20 patients. We report the case of a 43-year-old woman with a 31-year history of migraine with typical visual aura. At presentation, she experienced a visual aura in her right hemifield followed by a pulsating head...

Cerebral perfusion pressure was reduced by graded constricting of both carotid arteries in the anesthetized dogs, of which vertebral arteries were ligated bilaterally. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen remained unchanged until cerebral perfusion pressure was lowered to about 50 mm.Hg, indicating that cerebral autoregulation was preserved normally in these animals. Despit...

Brain slice preparations are well-established models for a wide spectrum of in vitro investigations in the neuroscience discipline. However, these investigations are limited to acute preparations or thin organotypic culture preparations due to the lack of a successful method that allows culturing of thick organotypic brain slices. Thick brain slice cultures suffer necrosis due to ischemia deep ...

BACKGROUND 99mTc-HMPAO is a well-established isotope useful in the detection of regional cerebral blood flow. Diabetes gives rise to arterial atherosclerotic changes that can lead to significant end organ dysfunction, prominently affecting perfusion to the heart, kidneys, eyes and brain. In the current study, we investigated the role of 99mTc-HMPAO cerebral perfusion scans in detecting early va...

Article history: Received 5 August 2016 Accepted 5 August 2016 Available online 9 August 2016 tomography (PET). Brain function, which reflects the amount of ‘activity’ that the brain generates, can be measured via its blood perfusion and/or metabolism by using PET with intravenous injection of a radiopharmaceutical tracer such as H2O (Fox et al., 1984). Active brain regions have a higher need o...

Quantitative evaluation of brain MRI/SPECT fusion methods for normal and in particular pathological datasets is difficult, due to the frequent lack of relevant ground truth. We propose a methodology to generate MRI and SPECT datasets dedicated to the evaluation of MRI/SPECT fusion methods and illustrate the method when dealing with ictal SPECT. The method consists in generating normal or pathol...