Chronic opiate administration results in the development of tolerance and dependence, but the regulation of mu opioid receptor function during this process is not clearly understood. To localize changes in mu opioid receptor-coupled G-protein activity in various brain regions after chronic morphine treatment, the present study examined mu opioid agonist-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding to brai...

Neuropathology methods in rodent developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) studies have evolved with experience and changing regulatory guidance. This article emphasizes principles and methods to promote more standardized DNT neuropathology evaluation, particularly procurement of highly homologous brain sections and collection of the most reproducible morphometric measurements. To minimize bias, brains...

Despite enormous progress in the development of new morphological techniques, there is still not a simple technique for visualization of the fiber architecture in the mammalian brain. To develop such a technique, thick (400-600 microm) sections of the rat, mice, calf or postmortal human brain were fixed in paraformaldehyde, dehydrated in a series of ethanol and finally immersed in methyl salicy...

Immunostaining and double-label immunofluorescence were performed as described previously using the following primary antibodies: SYN211 (1:500; Millipore), nSYN514 (1:150; Santa Cruz), and antibodies against a neuron-specific nuclear protein (Neu-N; 1:2000; Chemicon), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; 1:1000; Sigma), or ionized calciumbinding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1; 1:500; Wako Chemicals). Briefly,...

This research concerns confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of the whole brain of C57BL/6 mice with singlecell resolution. These brains are too large for specimen holders in available 3D microscopes, so this research develops a set of volume reconstruction methods to reproduce a whole brain from multilayered, thin sections of the brain imaged using a confocal microscope. As the sections are...

The histochemical distribution of phosphorylase activity in brain tissue of rodents was described by Shimizu and Okada (1957) using fresh, frozen tissue sections. The present article describes the distribution of phosphorylase activity in the brain of the guinea-pig as revealed by using tissue slices trimmed by hand instead of sections for incubation (Friede, 1956). This technique provides an i...

We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel (E)-5-styryl-1H-indole and (E)-6-styrylquinoline derivatives as probes for imaging β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. These derivatives showed binding affinities for Aβ₁₋₄₀ aggregates with K(i) values varying from 4.1 to 288.4 nM. (E)-5-(4-iodostyryl)-1H-indole (8) clearly stained Aβ plaques in the brain sections of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model ...

A monoclonal antibody (Mab J1-31) has been produced by using human brain homogenate as immunogen in mouse. Double-label immunofluorescence microscopy on cryostat sections of human, rabbit and rat brain, reveals staining of cells that are also stained with antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a commonly used marker protein for astrocytes). However, there is no decrease in staining...