This paper aims to evaluate important factors that affect switching transients overvoltages during transmission line energization. These factors include the number of repetitions to ensure the statistical characteristic of the study, the variation range of the mean closing time of the circuit breaker contacts, the model used for the representation of the transmission line and the influence of t...

This article describes design, operation and experimental testing of a mechanical DC CB (Circuit Breaker) with parallel capacitors. The topology resembles hybrid but there are possible advantages in the costs since main semiconductor valve is replaced capacitors, performance this breaker inserts counter voltage earlier. A detailed PSCAD model employed to support design analyse operating princip...

A numerical model for orthogonal cutting using the material point method (MPM) was applied to woodcutting using a bench plane. The cutting process was modeled by accounting for surface energy associated with wood fracture toughness for crack growth parallel to the grain. By using damping to deal with dynamic crack propagation and modeling all contact between wood and the plane, simulations coul...

The restrike of vacuum circuit breaker during the breaking process causes overvoltage and intensifies insulation deterioration high-voltage equipment. To solve this problem, aging test method characteristics are researched. A withstand voltage platform 40.5-kV was established to obtain effects contact spacing loop inrush currents on number restrike, wavefront steepness breakdown voltage, durati...

A Maker-Breaker game is a triple (H, a, b), where H = (V,E) is a hypergraph with vertex set V , called the board of the game, and edge set E, a family of subsets of V called winning sets. The parameters a and b are positive integers, related to the so-called game bias. The game is played between two players, called Maker and Breaker, who change turns occupying previously unclaimed elements of V...