Abstract Renewable energy is an alternative to fossil fuels due the limited supply of and greenhouse gas emission contribution. Bioenergy one renewable energies that derived from biomass. Biomass waste, namely durian peel sewage sludge, has potential as raw material for bioenergy because its content. Moreover, carbonization biomass water can improve heating value material. This study aims inves...

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important perennial forage crops on cultivated fields in the world. Agronomical interests for this crop are based on its numerous advantageous characteristics such as (1) high yield potential and suitable feeding value, (2) different methods of utilisation green mass, hay, silage, greenchop, briquette, pellets, etc., (3) favourable environmental i...