Artificial teeth on upper and lower typodonts were coated with a plaque. After a drying period, the typodonts were mounted onto the robot system and the teeth were cleaned by the robot for 2 minutes (1 minute upper and 1 minute lower typodont) at a brushing force of 1.8 2.1 N for the 3D toothbrush and 1.1 1.4 N for the sonicare Plus brush. The different brushing forces were chosen in order to f...

Brushing is an effective method to control hypocotyl elongation in cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Turbo’) grown in plug trays for transplanting. The amount of daily brushing and the number of days to brush for best performance was determined. Treatment with 10 strokes per day for the 4 days of maximal hypocotyl elongation was sufficient to reduce final hypocotyl length by 25%. More brushing did...

BACKGROUND The choice of sampling techniques in bronchoscopy with sampling from a visible lesion will depend on the expected diagnostic yields and the costs of the sampling techniques. AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the most economical combination of sampling techniques when approaching endobronchial visible lesions. METHODS A cost minimization analysis was performed. All bronc...

BACKGROUND The combination of endobronchial biopsy with cytological brushing is considered the best procedures for the diagnosis of lung cancer during bronchoscopy. AIM To asses the diagnostic yield for lung cancer (with visible endobronchial alterations at endoscopy) of three fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedures: endobronchial biopsy, cytological brushing and bronchial cytological washings. ...

OBJECTIVES The influence of toothbrushing duration and dentifrice quantity on fluoride efficacy against dental caries is poorly understood. This study investigated effects of these two oral hygiene factors on enamel remineralisation (measured as surface microhardness recovery [SMHR]), enamel fluoride uptake (EFU), and net acid resistance (NAR) post-remineralisation in a randomized clinical stud...

Multiple coordinated visualizations enable users to rapidly explore complex information. However, users often need unforeseen combinations of coordinated visualizations. Snaptogether visualization (Snap) enables users to rapidly and dynamically construct coordinated}visualization interfaces, customized for their data, without programming. Users load data into desired visualizations, then constr...

In the field of systems biology, researchers attempt to study and model the interactions of biological entities (e.g., molecules, proteins, cells, etc.) to discover emergent behaviors that result from an interconnected network of these entities. Thus, the data sets involved are almost always multi-scale in nature, containing information about individual entities and emergent population behavior...

We present a new analysis technique for pathlines in 3D simulation data by visualizing the distribution of the scalars along pathlines in a separate 2D view. The presented visualization is applicable for vortex detection and for understanding the development of scalar properties of particles during their traversal through the simulation domain. Furthermore the presented 2D view can be coupled w...

This papex reviews and.iJ1ustrates a direct manipulation approach to visualization of high dimensional data, called painting. We describe a programming model based on constraints between entities in the underlying scientific database and the components of plots used to examine the data. The object-oriented implementation makes it easy to extend the original notion of brushing scatterplots to ob...