Surface storage (pools, pockets, and stagnant areas caused by woody debris, bars etc) is very important to solute transport in streams as it attenuates the peak of a spill but releases the solute back to the stream over a long time. The latter results in long exposure time of biota. Pools as fundamental stream morphology unit are commonly found in streams with mixed bed materials in pool-riffle...

Gemcitabine-based therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with biliary tract cancers (BTCs) with no second-line treatment(s) established yet. Aberrant activation of the MAPK pathway in patients with BTC indicates its importance in BTC. Trametinib is a potent, highly selective, allosteric non-competitive inhibitor of MEK1/MEK2. In this phase IIa open-label, single-arm study, we in...

Column experiments were conducted with undisturbed loamy sand soil under unsaturated conditions (around 90% saturation degree) to investigate the retention of surfactant stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with various input concentration (Co), flow velocity, and ionic strength (IS), and the remobilization of AgNPs by changing the cation type and IS. The mobility of AgNPs in soil was enhanc...

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring porous structures and large specific surface areas have shown great potential in removing organic pollutants from wastewater via adsorption processes. Although the particle size of MOFs determines performance (something known as size-dependent effect), engineering it into desirable dimensions for enhancing is a challenge. Here, we develop practical faci...

We investigated the transport and retention kinetics of silica encapsulated – core double stranded DNA particles (SiDNASi) through 15 cm saturated quartz sand columns as a function wide range colloid injection concentrations (C0 = 8.7 ×102 - 6.6 ×108 ml?1). The breakthrough curves (BTCs) exhibited an overall 2-log increase maximum relative effluent concentration with increasing C0. Inverse curv...

[1] Transient storage processes are important to biogeochemical cycling in many streams and depend greatly upon stream fluvial structure. Fluvial geomorphic structure establishes patterns of surface water and subsurface head distributions, often driving hyporheic exchange through steps, riffles, and meanders, and controls the potential for in-channel dead zone storage in side pools, eddies, etc...

The late tail of the breakthrough curve (BTC) of a conservative tracer in a regional-scale alluvial system is explored using Monte Carlo simulations. The ensemble numerical BTC, for an instantaneous point source injected into the mobile domain, has a heavy late tail transforming from power law to exponential due to a maximum thickness of clayey material. Haggerty et al.'s (2000) multiple-rate m...

Advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway is hyperactivated in a subset of BTCs, and clinical activity of the mTOR inhibitor everolimus has been observed in some patients with BTC. The goal of this study was to identify biomarkers predictive of everolimus response. Twenty BTC cell lines were assessed for everolim...

Forward error correction (FEC) in optical communications has been first demonstrated in 1988 [1]. Since then, coding technology has evolved significantly. This pertains not only to the codes but also to encoder and decoder architectures. Modern high-speed optical communication systems require high-performing FEC engines that support throughputs of 100 GBit/s or multiples thereof, that have low ...

BACKGROUND The management of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) is complex due to limited data on the optimal therapeutic approach. This phase II multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of vandetanib monotherapy compared with vandetanib plus gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus placebo in patients with advanced BTC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio to ...