We present a quantitative assessment of the local and long-range horizontal connections within two separate models of layer 4 and layer 2/3 of the striate cortex. Connections between the orientation minicolumns, building the models, are developed during exposure to visual input. Layer 4 long-range horizontal connections target all orientation domains in a balanced manner, whereas local connecti...

We proposed a new method of gist feature extraction for building recognition and named the feature extracted by this method as the histogram of oriented gradient based gist (HOG-gist). The proposed method individually computes the normalized histograms of multiorientation gradients for the same image with four different scales. The traditional approach uses the Gabor filters with four angles an...

This paper describes the methods that can be used to detect building objects under the circumstances of high object density and scene complexity seen in 1-metre high resolution satellite imagery. In order to reduce the building hypothesis space in early processes, a local Fourier analysis does an analysis of the dominant orientation angle in a building cluster. This serves to extract the focuse...

Urban morphology, including buildings’ typology and their configuration, affects sky view factor and insolation, which are two of the most influential parameters in urban microclimate. These become even more important in extreme environmental conditions. In this research, challenge was to generate various rule based urban morphologies in a parametric environment. Then, to evaluate them based on...

An approach is proposed that allows the determination of material models from uniaxial tests and histostructural data including fiber orientation of the tissue. A combination of neo-Hookean and Fung-type strain-energy functions is utilized, and inequality constraints imposed on the constitutive parameters are derived providing strict local convexity and preferred fiber orientations. It is shown...

An intelligent space is a space constructed with many networked sensors. Humans and robots in the space are extracted and tracked cooperatively by the networked sensors. The intelligent space can achieve position-based supports to humans and robots according to integration of networked sensors. Generally, the networked sensors are distributed and fixed on the structures in the space such as wal...

A growing body of research--including results from behavioral psychology, human structural and functional imaging, single-cell recordings in nonhuman primates, and computational modeling--suggests that perceptual learning effects are best understood as a change in the ability of higher-level integration or association areas to read out sensory information in the service of particular decisions....

High-resolution images of the martian surface at scales of a few meters show ubiquitous erosional and depositional eolian landforms. Dunes, sandsheets, and drifts are prevalent and exhibit a range of morphology, composition (inferred from albedo), and age (as seen in occurrences of different dune orientations at the same location). Steep walls of topographic depressions such as canyons, valleys...

As part of sustainable architecture principles and practices, designers need to define building's architectural requirements based on climatic conditions, environmental preservation and reduction in energy consumption. The natural energy sources such as solar radiation affect thermal and lighting performances of buildings depending on its facade characteristics. Traditionally, buildings thermal...