This work describes a biophysical model of the initial stages of vertebrate olfactory system containing structures representing the olfactory epithelium and bulb. Its main novelty is the introduction of gap junctions connecting neurons both in the epithelium and bulb, and of biologically detailed dendrodendritic synapses between granule and mitral cells in the bulb. The model was used to simula...

The expression of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, the c-met proto-oncogene product, was examined by in situ hybridization in the developing and adult murine olfactory system and compared with the expression of a known activator of HGF/SF, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). In the developing olfactory canal, expression of both c-met and tPA was observed i...

The Notch signalling pathway is an important mediator of cell fate selection whose involvement in epidermal appendage formation is now becoming recognised. Hair follicle development and hair formation involve the co-ordinated differentiation of several different cell types in which Notch appears to have a role. We report intricate expression patterns for the Notch-1 receptor and three ligands, ...

Electrical stimulation of nerve fibers emerging from different positions of the olfactory epithelium was used to determine the receptive fields for 52 olfactory bulb neurons in the hamster. The responses of olfactory bulb neurons were recorded extracellularly with metal-filled micropipettes. Suprathreshold stimuli (500 microA) were applied to each of eight standard epithelial positions spaced a...

The olfactory bulb is a protruding structure formed at the rostral end of the telencephalon. Pax6-mutant mice and rats lack the olfactory bulb and, instead, develop an olfactory bulb-like structure at the lateral part of the telencephalon. Here, we report that ectopic formation of the olfactory bulb-like structure in these mutants is caused by the abnormal migration of mitral cell progenitors, ...

During olfactory development axons from the sensory epithelium migrate to the olfactory bulb and gradually establish connections with targeted glomeruli (Key and St John, 2002). The spatial distribution of these connections form the basis of a topographical mapping of odorant receptors onto the olfactory bulb (Vassar et al., 1994). The olfactory epithelium retains its capacity to undergo neurog...

Objectives: The aim of present study was to evaluate some effects of Crinum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) on central nervous system. Materials and Methods: C. zeylanicum methanolic bulb extract (250-1000 mg/kg orally), 2 mg chlorpromazine and 4 mg diazepam /kg body weight intraperitoneally respectively were tested in mice using Irwin test, pentobarbitone-induced sleep test, spontaneous motor acti...

Olfactory sensory neurons extend their axons solely to the olfactory bulb, which is dedicated to odor information processing. The olfactory bulb is divided into multiple layers, with different types of neurons found in each of the layers. Therefore, neurons in the olfactory bulb have conventionally been categorized based on the layers in which their cell bodies are found; namely, juxtaglomerula...

The distribution of the different forms of synapsin in the rat olfactory bulb was investigated by biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Western blots of tissue derived from microdissection of the surface and core regions of the olfactory bulb were performed using antibodies to synapsin I and synapsin II. The relative levels of the synapsins in the core region of the olfactory bulb were si...

Onion is a biennial plant that produces bulb. The larger the onion bulb, more valuable it becomes. Therefore, important to study bulb weight and size components affecting it. For this study, four New Mexico State Univ. breeding lines two commercial cultivars, ‘Rumba’ ‘Stockton Early Yellow’, were selected. These cultivars evaluated for height, leaf number sheath diameter, at five different date...