The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel (Panel) reviewed the safety of 6 simple carbonate salts which function as absorbents, bulking agents, opacifying agents, pH adjusters, buffering agents, abrasives, and oral care agents in cosmetic products. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients, and concluded that the simple carbonate salts are safe in the ...

The application of modern molecular techniques has led to the identification, in situ quantification, and partial ecophysiological characterisation of bacteria responsible for bulking and foaming or for nutrient removal in sewage treatment systems. Unexpectedly, previously unrecognised, yet uncultured bacteria were demonstrated to catalyse nitrogen and phosphorous removal in activated-sludge an...

Several wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) worldwide have documented the occurrence of filamentous bulking in full-scale systems despite efforts made for control. The Activated Sludge Models (ASM) can neither describe nor predict at WWTPs. This research aims to expand ASM No. 1 be able sludge and model effects incorporating an aerobic selector on bulking. Four theories (hydrolysis slowly biode...

In Gul Kim, Se Heang Oh, Ji Young Lee, Ji Youl Lee, Jin Ho Lee Dept. of Advanced Materials, Hannam Univ., Daejeon, South Korea, Dept. of Urology, Catholic Univ., Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea Statement of Purpose: Urinary incontinence, which is defined as the involuntary loss of urine, causes serious medical and social problems, having a deep influence on a patient’s psychologic...