Abstract The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) Collaboration reported the Second Gamma-ray Burst Catalog (2FLGC), which comprises a subset of 29 bursts with photon energies above 10 GeV. Although standard synchrotron forward-shock model has successfully explained gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglow observations, energetic photons higher than GeV from these transient events can hardly be descri...

We present multiwavelength observations of a gamma-ray burst detected by INTEGRAL (GRB 030227) between 5.3 hours and ∼1.7 days after the event. Here we report the discovery of a dim optical afterglow (OA) that would not have been detected by many previous searches due to its faintess (R ∼ 23). This OA was seen to decline following a power law decay with index αR = −0.95± 0.16. The spectral inde...

Abstract Type II solar bursts are radio signatures of shock waves in the corona driven by flares or coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Therefore, these present complex spectral morphologies dynamic spectra. Here, we report meter–decameter observations a type burst on 2014 July 25 made with Ukrainian telescopes UTR-2 (8.25–33 MHz) and GURT (8.25–78 MHz). The demonstrates fundamental harmonic compone...

in thoracolumbar spinal fractures with posterior column injury for applying proper management, it is important to distinguish a flexion-distraction injury (fdi) from a three column burst fracture (bf) as in clinical examination, both may have a similar significant tenderness on direct spinal palpation. careful attention to the comprehensive clinical examination and detailed imaging features are...

aerial parts of salvia mirzayanii was extracted with methanol. methanol extract was suspended in water and defatted with petroleum ether. the defatted part was then partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. the ethyl acetate partition was chromatographed on a silica gel column to afford several fractions. lymphocyte proliferation inhibitory assay of the resulted fractions was compared in vit...

BACKGROUND For decades, monitoring depth of anesthesia was mainly based on unspecific effects of anesthetics, for example, blood pressure, heart rate, or drug concentrations. Today, electroencephalogram-based monitors promise a more specific assessment of the brain function. To date, most approaches were focused on a "head-to-head" comparison of either electroencephalogram- or standard paramete...