European populations of the Large Blue Butterfly Maculinea arion have experienced severe declines in the last decades, especially in the northern part of the species’ range. This endangered lycaenid butterfly needs two resources for development: flower buds of specific plants (Thymus spp., Origanum vulgare), on which young caterpillars briefly feed, and red ants of the genus Myrmica, whose nest...

Parasitoids are insects (mainly Hymenoptera and Diptera) whose larvae develop by feeding on the bodies of other arthropods (mainly immature insects) and the adults are free living. They are of immense importance in practically all terrestrial ecosystems because of their impact on the population levels of their hosts. In contrast to the considerable attention paid to European butterflies their p...

In this paper, we describe the development of a mobile butterfly-watching learning (BWL) system to realize outdoor independent learning for mobile learners. The mobile butterfly-watching learning system was designed in a wireless mobile ad-hoc learning environment. This is first result to provide a cognitive tool with supporting the independent learning by applying PDA with wireless communicati...

In the butterfly search technique, echoes from repeated firings of a transducer are resampled along a set of predetermined trajectories of constant velocities, called "butterfly lines," because of their intersection and crossing at a reference range. The slope of the trajectory on which the sampled signals satisfy a predetermined criterion appropriate for the type of signal in question, provide...

Although grasslands are crucial habitats for European butterflies, large-scale declines in quality and area have devastated many species. Grassland restoration can contribute to the recovery of butterfly populations, although there is a paucity of information on the long-term effects of management. Using eight UK data sets (9-21 years), we investigate changes in restoration success for (1) arab...