Thermodynamics study the connection between thermal and mechanical phenomena. In most thermodynamic problems, we are interested in systems, i.e. a set of bodies that undergo different transformations. These transformations are generally the result of work or heat transfer between systems, or between parts of a same system. As a result, we observe a temperature change, a variation in pressure or...

heavy rainfall is the causes of the crisis. in recent years extreme floods have occurred in the behesht abad basin in chahar mahal and bakhtiar province,iran in 2.10.2006 with a moment discharge of 605m3 .this case study lies in the period of 1984-2010 and is selected for synoptic and thermodynamic condition studies. the meteorologically studied variables and thermodynamic charts indicate poten...

A numerical framework has been proposed to model the interacting effects of mixture non-ideality and mass transfer on hydrodynamics of a multiphase system using CFD methods.Mass transfer during condensation and vaporization is modeled by chemical potential at the liquid-vapor interface. Species mass transfers are related to the diffusion at the interface which in turn is related to the conc...

Presented here is the two-phase thermodynamic (2PT) model for the calculation of energy and entropy of molecular fluids from the trajectory of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In this method, the density of state (DoS) functions (including the normal modes of translation, rotation, and intramolecular vibration motions) are determined from the Fourier transform of the corresponding velocity ...

Small and large hydrophobic solutes exhibit remarkably different hydration thermodynamics. Small solutes are accommodated in water with minor perturbations to water structure, and their hydration is captured accurately by theories that describe density fluctuations in pure water. In contrast, hydration of large solutes is accompanied by dewetting of their surfaces and requires a macroscopic the...