Causal beliefs have been shown to affect performance in a wide variety of reasoning and problem solving. One type of judgment bias that can result from implicit causal models is causal asymmetry -the tendency to judge predictive inferences as more plausible than comparable diagnostic inferences. In the present study we investigate if the directionality of implicit causal models can also affect ...

Existing work on privacy by design mostly focus on technologies rather than methodologies and on components rather than architectures. In this paper, we advocate the idea that privacy by design should also be addressed at the architectural level and be associated with suitable methodologies. Among other benefits, architectural descriptions enable a more systematic exploration of the design spac...

In this paper, we design some iterative schemes for solving operator equation $ Lu=f $, where $ L:Hrightarrow H $ is a bounded, invertible and self-adjoint operator on a separable Hilbert space $ H $. In this concern,  Richardson and Chebyshev iterative methods are two outstanding as well as long-standing ones. They can be implemented in different ways via different concepts.In this paper...

Perfect phylogeny is one of the fundamental models for studying evolution. We investigate the following variant of the problem: The input is an n ×m species-characters matrix. The characters are binary and directed, i.e., a species can only gain characters. The difference from standard perfect phylogeny is that for some species the state of some characters is unknown. The question is whether on...

L. Vigilant et al. (1) recently presented "the strongest support yet for the placement of [their] common mtDNA [mitochondrial DNA] ancestor in Africa some 200,000 years ago." This support stems from a tree estimated by maximum parsimony from mtDNA sequence data with the use of the computer program PAUP (2). The African origin is inferred from this tree because (i) the most basal splits are amon...