Interleukin-21 (IL-21) can be produced by CD8 T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals and those with autoimmune disease, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that IL-21-producing CD8 T cells are not associated with CD4 depletion and are absent in patients with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. Instead, IL-21 production by CD8 T cells was associated with high levels of ...

Virtual Power Plant (VPP) is defined as a cluster of energy conversion/storage units which are centrally operated in order to improve the technical and economic performance. This paper addresses the optimal operation of a VPP considering the risk factors affecting its daily operation profits. The optimal operation is modelled in both day ahead and balancing markets as a two-stage stochastic mix...

This paper studies optimal long-term electric power capacity strategies with capacity options. Gencos can sign contracts with Discos, where such contracts take the form of capacity options that may or may not be executed by Discos at some pre-specified maturation date. Capacity not offered in the options market, or for which options by Discos are not executed, can then be offered in the spot ma...

This paper explores a wide range of different decision criteria for the bidding problem when severe uncertainty about inputs requires expressing them as bounded families of distributions. A GENCO maximizes its expected returns given its own risk profile and its perception of market risks. This can be formulated as a multicriteria optimization problem. The set of different decision criteria exam...

A model of LGN input to layer 4C of macaque primary visual cortex has been used to test the hypothesis that feedforward convergence of P and M inputs onto layer 4C spiny stellate neurons is suucient to explain the observed gradual change in receptive eld size and contrast sensitivity with depth in the layer. Overlap of dendrites of postsynaptic neurons between M and P input zones proved suucien...

The non-small cell lung cancer is a common malignancy with high metastasis capacity. brain the primary site for patients unclear mechanism. Here, in this study, we hypothesized an innovative signaling cascade disorder and systematically investigated underlying Their differentially gene expression analysis was based on 13 conventional nonsmall 15 respectively. line, adenocarcinomic human alveola...

In the new restructured electricity power industry, a Generation Company (GENCO) with thermo-electric amenities faces the optimal problem of how to attain a maximum profit by considering the price uncertainties. In deregulated power markets, the maximization of profit is different from the minimization of cost because generation companies no longer have the obligation to serve the whole demand....

In this paper, a new security-constrained self-scheduling framework incorporating the transmission flow limits in both steady state conditions and post-contingent states is presented to produce efficient bidding strategy for generation companies (GENCOs) in day-ahead electricity markets. Moreover, the proposed framework takes into account the uncertainty of the predicted market prices and model...

In restructured power systems, planning unit commitment includes optimization of production sources in order to maximize the profit of power producing corporations (GENCO) with conforming to the related limits, which is introduced as the planning based on the profit of units commitment (PBUC). In this paper, the algorithm of Iteration Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) has been used in order to...