Fluoroquinolones form drug-topoisomerase-DNA complexes that rapidly block transcription and replication. Crystallographic and biochemical studies show that quinolone binding involves a water/metal-ion bridge between the quinolone C3-C4 keto-acid and amino acids in helix-4 of the target proteins, GyrA (gyrase) and ParC (topoisomerase IV). A recent cross-linking study revealed a second drug-bindi...

OBJECTIVE The anatomical knowledge is the most important and has a direct link with success of operation in cervical spine surgery. The authors measured various cervical parameters in cadaveric dry bones and compared with previous reported results. METHODS We made 255 dry bones age from 19 to 72 years (mean, 42.3 years) that were obtained from 51 subjects in 100 subjects who donated their bod...

BACKGROUND Medial epicondylitis, or golfer's/pitcher's elbow, develops as a result of medial stress overload on the flexor muscles at the elbow and presents as pain at the medial epicondyle. Cervical radiculopathy has been associated with lateral epicondylitis, but few associations between the cervical spine and medial epicondylitis have been made. Researchers propose that there is an associati...

AIM This study was aimed to investigate the variations in the spinal nerve root compositions of musculocutaneous nerve and to confirm which spinal nerve root is the main ingredient in participating amount. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 20 fresh cadavers were dissected. Brachial plexus and its branches were extracted. Musculocutaneous nerve stump was traced back to the roots to identify its ...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a significant global health burden despite the availability of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Increasing evidence indicates a critical role of the complement system in the development of host protection against the bacillus, but few studies have specifically explored the function of the terminal complement factors. Mice deficient in complement C7 and wild-t...

BACKGROUND One of the basic principles in the primary survey of a trauma patient is immobilisation of the cervical spine till cleared of any injury. Lateral cervical spine radiograph is one of the important initial radiographic assessments. More than often additional radiographs like the Swimmer's view are necessary for adequate visualisation of the cervical spine. How good is the Swimmer's vie...

Cervical spinal tuberculosis is a rare variant of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. We present the case of Vietnamese woman, aged 48, who was admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery because of a cervical spine (C7) compression fracture. Several months earlier, the patient complained of neck pain and numbness of the hands. On physical examination, the woman was subfebrile and complained of pain o...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of arm traction for cervical spine imaging in trauma patients and devise a scheme to predict the probability of visualising the C7/T1 level in trauma patients. METHODS 98 trauma patients were studied. Each vertebral body was divided into three equal horizontal zones, the disc space between vertebral bodies being equivalent to one zone. The fifth cervica...

Complement C6 is one of five plasma proteins that are incorporated into the lytic terminal complement complex on lipid membranes (C5b-9m) upon activation of the complement cascade. Oligonucleotide probes derived from partial amino acid sequences of purified C6 were used to isolate cDNA clones from a human liver cDNA library. The complete polypeptide structure of mature C6 deduced from the cDNA ...