The surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes of gold nanobars (nanowires with rectangular dimensions) have been investigated by scanning pump-probe microscopy. In these experiments the nanobars were suspended over trenches cut in glass coverslips, and propagating SPP modes were launched in the supported portion of the nanobar by focusing a near-IR pump laser beam at the end of the nanobar. Transie...

The demand for new DRAM technologies with smaller ground rules leads to new challenges for inline metrology. This paper addresses inline monitoring of structural dimensions like depths and critical dimension (CD), excluding defect density monitoring and advanced process control techniques. Qimonda pursues the deep trench (DT) capacitor concept A main module in DRAM manufacturing comprises DT et...

We initiate the algorithmic study of an important but NP-hard problem that arises commonly in network design. The input consists of (1) An undirected graph with one sink node and multiple source nodes, a speciied length for each edge, and a speciied demand, dem v , for each source node v. (2) A small set of cable types, where each cable type is speciied by its capacity and its cost per unit len...

There has been increased use of cable median barriers in recent years to address the growing problem of crossmedian crashes. Cable median barriers are viewed as a highly effective means to mitigate the problem at a lower cost and in a shorter time frame. This has occurred despite limited current guidance on effective use of the various designs that have emerged over the past ten years. Research...

We consider the problem of finding a net that supports prescribed forces applied at points, yet avoids certain obstacles, with all elements under compression (strut net) or tension (cable web). In case masonry structures, for instance, this consists in strut forces, is contained within physical structure, and regions may be not accessible due, to presence holes. solve such two-dimensional case,...

In this paper, we develop a new finite element model for a cable suspended in water. Global existence and uniqueness of solutions of the truncated system is shown for a slightly simplified equation describing the motion of a cable having negligible added mass and supported by fixed end-points. Based on this, along with well known results on local existence and uniqueness of solutions for symmet...

This paper investigates over-voltage transients on ac induction motors when connected through a cable of arbitrary length to a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) consisting of a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) inverter with Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) power devices. Factors contributing to a motor over-voltage transient equal to a theoretical twice dc bus voltage are first described using...

The addition of biochar to agricultural soils has been shown to improve crop productivity and sequester carbon in soils over a millennial timeline. However, little formal research has assessed the logistics or economics of transitioning to a biochar economy. This paper examines the problem of biochar application to soil. Specifically, we look at two methods of application-broadcast-and-disk and...

As the worldwide consumption of energy is increases and the global environment steadily deteriorates, society must find more efficient ways to utilize energy in order to achieve sustainable advances. Accordingly, the field of power electronics is of vital importance, and huge advances in power semiconductor devices are anticipated. Power semiconductor devices that use silicon (Si) are said to b...