Abstract Camouflage strategies, including several types of concealments, are known for insect groups today, such as immatures some species within reduviid bugs (Hemiptera), lace wings (Neuroptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) and bark lice (Psocodea). However, camouflage has only rarely been reported in the fossil record. Here we report findings four preserved 100 Million year old amber from Myan...

Anal papillae of caddisflies are peripheral organs responsible for osmoregulation and detoxification. Investigation morphological abnormalities in the anal Hydropsyche angustipennis enriched with using SEM-EDX analysis (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis), was used to assess heavy metal pollution levels urban streams receiving surface runoff. Heavy ions not previously...

We present empirical evidence that the direct and indirect effects of species richness on ecological processes depend on a system’s disturbance regime. We manipulated the number of species of freshwater suspension feeders (net-spinning caddisflies) in laboratory stream mesocosms where communities were either subject to a periodic mortality or were left undisturbed. We hypothesized that disturba...

Animal construction allows organisms to cope with environmental variations but the physiological costs of such behaviour are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to measure the physiological cost of construction behaviour through the oxidative balance that is known to affect the ability of organs to function, stimulates senescence processes and ultimately impacts the fitnes...

Trichoptera are holometabolous insects with aquatic larvae that, together with the Lepidoptera, make up the Amphiesmenoptera. Despite extensive previous morphological work, little phylogenetic agreement has been reached about the relationship among the three suborders--Annulipalpia, Spicipalpia, and Integripalpia--or about the monophyly of Spicipalpia. In an effort to resolve this conflict, we ...