Objective: One complication of fixed orthodontic treatment in patients with poor oral hygiene is development of demineralized enamel lesions compromising esthetics. This study aimed to review preventive measures and treatment of white spot lesions (WSLs) in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Review of Literature: In this review study, PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched ...

A one-pot two-step reaction (Knoevenagel condensation - reduction of the double bond) has been developed using calcium hydride as a reductant in the presence of a supported noble metal catalyst. The reaction between carbonyl compounds and active methylene compounds such as methylcyanoacetate, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, dimedone and the more challenging dimethylmalonate, affords the correspond...

Calcium in plants is quite similar to calcium in people – it is essential for good growth and structure. Calcium does not move easily throughout the plant, once it is incorporated into cell walls, it does not move out again. The health and integrity of the cell membrane is very critical to the survival of the plant and it is well understood that cell membrane cannot be maintained without adequa...

The objectives of this research were to assess the bioavailability of calcium using equilibrium dialysis after simulated gastric digestion method in 20 commonly consumed green leafy vegetables (GLVs) from the typical Indian diet, provide data on the content of calcium absorption inhibitors, like oxalate, phytate, tannin and dietary fibres, and evaluate the inhibitory effect of these compounds o...

Perturbed intracellular store calcium homeostasis is suggested to play a major role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). A number of mechanisms have been suggested to underlie the impairment of endoplasmic reticulum calcium homeostasis associated with familial AD-linked presenilin 1 mutations (FAD-PS1). Without aiming at specifically targeting any of those pathophysiological mechan...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The effect of four secondary metabolites isolated from sponge Spongionella, gracilins H, A, L and tetrahydroaplysulphurin-1 on Calcium ion (Ca2+) fluxes were studied in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. METHODS AND RESULTS These compounds did not modify cytosolic baseline Ca2+-levels. Nevertheless, when cytosolic Ca2+-influx through store operated calcium channels (SOC channels) wa...

The compositions of the various organic and inorganic species in cane molasses show wide variations. Centrifugation can be used to remove suspended so!id particles. The bulk of these are precipitated calcium compounds. Removal of calcium by precipitation and subsequent centrifugation can be enhanced by the addition of sulphuric acid. The effects of dilution, temperature, and acid addition on th...

Measurement of ionized calcium is more important than measurement of total calcium in serum samples. In the present study, equations were derived from complexation and acid dissociation equilibrium equations, and were used to determine the concentration of ionized calcium from the observed serum concentrations of total calcium, albumin, total protein, and inorganic phosphate. The ionized calciu...

Vitamin D3 undergoes sequential hydroxylations in the liver and kidney to form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the biologically active form of the vitamin. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is metabolized by several processes in various target tissues that decrease the biological activity of the sterol. In addition, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is excreted in the bile as polar metabolites, such as glucuronides an...