The degree to which measurement accuracy in a vector network analyzer can be improved through error correction is dependent on a number of factors. Modern error correction methods have improved the system accuracy and simplified the calibration procedure. Methods are in place to determine the accuracy of error corrected measurements. And the quality of the calibration standards is key to system...

Commercially available power meters and sensors have measurement ranges up to several watts. Accurate measurements with these devices require periodic calibration with traceable standards. Conventional calibrations typically take place in the 1mW to 10mW range. This range can be extended downwards for highly sensitive diode sensors by means of a calibrated attenuator. Raising the calibration le...

Camera calibration has always been an essential component of photogrammetric measurement. Nowadays, with self-calibration being an integral and routinely applied operation within photogrammetric triangulation, especially in high-accuracy close-range measurement. Photogrammetric camera calibration is usually carried out together with the calculation of object coordinates such as principal distan...

In order to clarify the theoretical basis of the variability in the measurement of tablet hardness by compression pressure, NIR spectroscopic methods were used to predict tablet hardness of the formulations. Tablets (200 mg, 8 mm in diameter) consisting of berberine chloride, lactose, and potato starch were formed at various compression pressures (59, 78, 98, 127, 195 MPa). The hardness and the...

A new calibration protocol, developed by the AAPM Task Group 51 (TG-51) to replace the TG-21 protocol, is based on an absorbed-dose to water standard and calibration factor (N(D,w)), while the TG-21 protocol is based on an exposure (or air-kerma) standard and calibration factor (N(x)). Because of differences between these standards and the two protocols, the results of clinical reference dosime...

This thesis investigates the compensation and minimisation of distortions in images. Various forms of non-linear lens distortions are modelled and removed. Projective linear distortions are further minimised to give the closest ideal projection from erroneous cameras. Traditional camera calibration treats lens distortion simultaneously with camera pose and lens scaling factors. This often leads...

Calibration is central to most measurement procedures. This is especially true in those cases where a large number of difficult-to-identify and difficult-to-control factors hinder the experimenters in their efforts to obtain reliable measurement results. Dimensional measurements of features on the microand nano-scale is one such case. A white light interferometer (WLI) microscope can perform me...

Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) measures respiration from body surface movements. Various techniques have been proposed for calibration in order that RIP may be used quantitatively. These include calculation of the proportionality constant of ribcage to abdominal volume change (K). The aims of this study were to 1) establish whether a fixed value of K could be used for calibration,...