supernumerary teeth are defined as the teeth developed in excess of the number found in a normal dentition. supernumerary canine is an extremely rare finding particularly in the mandible. this case report presents a 25-year-old female patient with the unique feature of bilateral mandibular supplemental supernumerary canines. the patient was non-syndromic without any other supernumerary teeth.

Estimates of genetic diversity in helminth infections of humans often have to rely on genotyping (immature) parasite transmission stages instead of adult worms. Here we analyse the results of one such study investigating a single polymorphic locus (a change at position 200 of the beta-tubulin gene) in microfilariae of the lymphatic filarial parasite Wuchereria bancrofti. The presence of this ge...

Introduction As early as 1919, MENDELSON (20) mentioned in his paper on "Tropical diseases observed in Siam" fever and elephantiasis in connection with microfilaraemia in Thailand. The disease causing filariae, however, were not further specified. Over 30 years later IYENGAR (17) conducted a survey on human filariasis in four southern provinces on the peninsula of Thailand. Of a total of 4,112 ...

Ivermectin treatment was evaluated for its efficacy and side reactions in sixty patients of Orissa with Bancroftian filarial infection and microfilaremia. Ivermectin was administered as a single oral dose at four dosage levels (20, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg), and both microfilarial clearance and associated side reactions were monitored in a double blind fashion. Blood microfilariae were cle...

The effect of ivermectin, a new microfilaricide, was assessed in a double blind trial against diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) and placebo. Fifty-nine adult males with moderate to heavy infection with Onchocerca volvulus and with eye involvement were recruited from an area under Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) vector control in Northern Ghana. They were randomly assigned to an eight-day ...

OBJECTIVE To develop a Bayesian hierarchical model for human onchocerciasis with which to explore the factors that influence prevalence of microfilariae in the Amazonian focus of onchocerciasis and predict the probability of any community being at least mesoendemic (>20% prevalence of microfilariae), and thus in need of priority ivermectin treatment. METHODS Models were developed with data fr...

Species of filarial nematodes belonging to the genera Dirofilaria and Acanthocheilonema are recognised as common parasites of dogs throughout the world. Recently, other filarioids featured by the presence of dermal microfilariae (e.g., Onchocerca lupi and Cercopithifilaria spp.) have been recognised in Europe. In Brazil, reports of filarioids in dogs are limited to Dirofilaria immitis, Acanthoc...

Novel drugs are required for the elimination of infections caused by filarial worms, as most commonly used drugs largely target the microfilariae or first stage larvae of these infections. Previous studies, conducted in vitro, have shown that inhibition of Hsp90 kills adult Brugia pahangi. As numerous small molecule inhibitors of Hsp90 have been developed for use in cancer chemotherapy, we test...