Mesopotamia is the broad, flat alluvial plain between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in what is today Syria and Iraq (Fig. 1). Under the rule of Sargon of Akkad, the world’s first united empire was established in this region, linking the remote agricultural hinterlands of northern Mesopotamia with the complex city-states in the south. This united empire extended from the Persian Gulf to the he...

By the time it had reached its zenith during the second-century of the Common Era, the Roman Empire had developed into one of the greatest civilizations the ancient world had ever known. Cities scattered across an imperial region that stretched from the North Sea to the Red Sea had flourished under a well-ordered governing body housed in Rome. These regional centers stood unfortified in the cou...

Background. Sport lodges are institutions that are responsible for providing athletes with accommodation, food and training. Sport lodges had the same tasks as today's sports clubs and played a vital role in the institutionalization and development of sports within the borders of the Ottoman Empire. Evliya Çelebi is a prominent 17th century traveler. During his lifetime, he traveled throughout ...

This article investigates how the job histories of CEOs influence their capital allocation decisions when they preside over multidivisional firms. I find that, after CEO turnover, divisions not previously affiliated with the new CEO receive significantly more capital expenditures than divisions through which the new CEO has advanced. The pattern of reverse-favoritism in capital allocation is mo...

the period of shah abbass rule was a turning point in the history of iran. the reforms which this powerful king established in the disturbance conditions resulted in the peace and security, economic growth, city dwelling development, business boom development, improvement of public life and raising the rank of iran among other countries. shaiekh bahaie is one of the most important accompanies o...

Institutional Development Charles E. Eesley 7-10-2009 "The storm center of the world has shifted . . . to China, whoever understands that mighty Empire . . . has a key to world politics for the next five hundred years." --U.S. Secretary of State John Hay, 1899 China is like a sleeping giant. And when she awakes, she shall astonish the world. --Napoleon Bonaparte, 1803 One of the greatest untold...

This paper opens the ‘black box’ of endogenous political legitimacy and asks what role, if any, did political legitimacy play in the process rendering England the first modern economy, a colonial Empire and an exemplary democracy? Legitimacy entails obedience based on the moral obligation to follow the authority, and public displays of support from legitimizing agents increase legitimacy. Altho...

This article explores the role of affect and sentiment in shaping cross-cultural encounters in late colonial Korea, as seen and experienced through the eyes of Japanese men and women who grew up in Seoul. By interweaving the oral and written testimonies of former settlers who came of age on the peninsula between the late 1920s and the end of colonial rule in 1945, the paper attempts to reconstr...

In this work-in-progress paper, we present REXplorer, a mobile, location and gesture recognition based spell-casting multiplayer game for tourists. Launching in late summer 2006, this serious game will be installed as a permanent pervasive entertainment service on site the medieval city core of Germany's best preserved historic city, Regensburg. In REXplorer, visitors roleplay volunteering scie...