Rat and pigeon heart mitochondria supplemented with antimycin produce 0.3-1.0nmol of H(2)O(2)/min per mg of protein. These rates are stimulated up to 13-fold by addition of protophores (carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, carbonyl cyanide m-chloromethoxyphenylhydrazone and pentachlorophenol). Ionophores, such as valinomycin and gramicidin, and Ca(2+) also markedly stimulated H(2...

Mycobacterium smegmatis is able to grow and survive at acidic pH, and exhibits intracellular pH homeostasis under these conditions. In this study, the authors have identified low proton permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, and high cytoplasmic buffering capacity, as determinants of intrinsic acid resistance of M. smegmatis. To identify genes encoding proteins involved in protecting cells f...

A mild and efficient one-pot three-component and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of a wide range of hydantoin annulated derivatives has been described. A multi-component reaction between a carbonyl compounds (ketone or aldehyde), potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate (as cyanating agent and amine source, respectively leads to the formation of hydantoins. The proposed optimi...

The reaction catalyzed by mammalian malic dehydrogenase (1) is characterized by its dependence upon DPN,l inhibition by traces of OAA, and stimulation by carbonyl-binding compounds such as cyanide (2, 3). It was of interest, therefore, when Krampitz (4), studying oxidation of malate by whole or acetone-treated cells of 1~~crococcus lysodeikticus, found accumulation of OAA during the reaction. O...

BACKGROUND 1,1-Difluoroalkenes cannot only be used as valuable precursors for organic synthesis, but also act as bioisosteres for enzyme inhibitors. Among various methods for their preparation, the carbonyl olefination with difluoromethylene phosphonium ylide represents one of the most straightforward methods. RESULTS The combination of (chlorodifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane (TMSCF2Cl) and tri...

meso-Functionalized dipyrromethanes 6-10 were synthesized by acid-catalyzed addition of pyrrole to αposition of 2-alkenyl pyrroles. The regiochemistry of the reaction can be explained by either the formation of more stable carbocation intermediate or β-addition of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The starting 2alkenyl pyrroles were synthesized by Aldol condensation of 2-formylpyrrole with ac...

The course of sugar fluxes into and out of protoplasts isolated from the mesophyll of Pisum sativum L. has been followed over brief time intervals (minutes). Light strongly stimulated net sugar influx at pH 8 as well as at pH 5.5. The proton conductor carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibited initial influx in the light, both at pH 8.0 and at pH 5.5. CCCP was without effect in t...

Activation of efflux systems and the formation of biofilm are majorly adapted by microbes to resist antimicrobial agents. PPEF (bisbenzimidazole) targeting topoisomerase IA is observed to be an effective bactericidal agent against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and thus can be developed as potent broad-spectrum antibiotic against MDR strains. PPEF treatment did not cause...

Gametangia of the aquatic phycomycete Allomyces macrogynus have a cyanide- and antimycin A-insensitive respiration, which is sensitive to salicylhydroxamic acid (alternative respiration). Propyl gallate is also an inhibitor of this alternative pathway, and propyl gallate is more efficient than hydroxamic acid. Gametangial respiration is insensitive to propyl gallate, but propyl gallate sensitiv...

Cyanide is one of the most toxic inorganic anions, it is very harmful to human health but extremely useful in industrial activities. Herein, we used our recently reported boradiazaindacene (BODIPY) dye, 3,5-diformyl-borondipyrromethene (BODIPY 1) as an exclusive chemodosimetric and colorimetric sensor for CN(-) ion. Cyanide ion attacks the carbonyl groups of 1 via a nucleophilic addition reacti...